Avaliação do potencial de biorremediação de diesel S10 e de espuma para controle de incêndio (AFFF) por bactérias heterotróficas isoladas de sedimentos do Estuário de Santos - SP
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Data
2023-02-01
Autores
Chinellato, Roberta Alves Merguizo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização de petróleo como principal recurso energético é um dos fatores que contribuem para o aumento de acidentes com produtos petroquímicos, incluindo incêndios de grandes proporções, causando graves danos ambientais. A dificuldade no combate a incêndios envolvendo hidrocarbonetos com compostos comuns levou ao uso de espumas especiais para o controle de incêndio, as AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam), sendo entretanto, também prejudiciais ao ambiente e seus organismos. A biorremediação emerge como um processo simples e de baixo custo quando comparado a outras alternativas, além se ser menos agressiva e a mais adequada para manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de cepas ambientais das espécies Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis em biodegradar diesel S10 e substâncias presentes na espuma para combate a incêndios (AFFF), em sedimento de áreas costeiras. A avaliação de biodegradação dos contaminantes, foi realizada por meio de teste com 2,6 diclorofenol-indofenol (DCPIP), respirometria de Bartha e Pramer e da análise química do contaminante por Cromatografia Gasosa Acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas (CG/MS). Os resultados obtidos mostraram a capacidade das cepas bacterianas em biodegradar substâncias presentes no diesel e na AFFF, tanto de forma isolada quanto em consórcio bacteriano. A concentração de carbonos (C) biodegradados (µmol) de AFF (6%) com o consórcio foi de 7,32E±03, enquanto que, para o diesel S10 (2,5%) a concentração de C biodegradados (µmol) foi de 1,55E±04. Após a biodegradação de Bartha e Pramer, os resultados apresentam uma degradação de até 6x da concentração inicial, a análise de CG/MS apresentou mudanças no perfil cromatográfico do diesel, demonstrando uma degradação dos compostos, principalmente do perfil cromatográficos dos BTEX (Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e O-Xileno), na [2,5%] nota-se que o benzeno foi totalmente degradado. Os resultados destacaram a importância da utilização de cepas ambientais na biorremediação, propiciando a diminuição do período adaptativo e uma rápida ação de biorremediação dos ambientes contaminados. O presente trabalho demonstrou que as cepas selecionadas são eficientes em remediar a contaminação por estes tipos de compostos, tendo grande potencial para estudos futuros que permitam sua utilização em outros compostos comerciais.
The use of oil as the main energy resource is one of the factors that contribute to the increase of accidents with petrochemical products, including large fires, causing serious environmental damage. The difficulty in fighting fires involving hydrocarbons with common compounds led to the use of special foams for fire control, the AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam), being, however, also harmful to the environment and its organisms. Bioremediation emerges as a simple and low cost process when compared to other alternatives, besides being less aggressive and the most appropriate for maintaining ecological balance. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of environmental strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis species in biodegrade diesel S10 and substances present in foam for fire fighting (AFFF), in sediment of coastal areas. The biodegradation of contaminants was evaluated by means of a 2.6 dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), Bartha and Pramer respirometry and chemical analysis of the contaminant by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG/MS). The results showed the ability of bacterial strains to biodegrade substances present in diesel and AFFF, both in isolation and in bacterial intercropping. The concentration of biodegraded carbons (C) (μmol) of AFF (6%) with the intercropping was 7.32E±03, while for diesel S10 (2.5%) the concentration of biodegraded C (μmol) was 1.55E±04. After the biodegradation of Bartha and Pramer, the results show a degradation of up to 6x of the initial concentration, the CG/MS analysis showed changes in the chromatographic profile of diesel, demonstrating a degradation of the compounds, mainly the chromatographic profile of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and O-Xylene), in the [2.5%] it is noted that benzene was totally degraded. The results highlighted the importance of the use of environmental strains in bioremediation, providing a reduction in the adaptive period and a quick action of bioremediation of contaminated environments. The present work demonstrated that the selected strains are efficient in remedying contamination by these types of compounds, having great potential for future studies that could allow their use in other commercial compounds.
The use of oil as the main energy resource is one of the factors that contribute to the increase of accidents with petrochemical products, including large fires, causing serious environmental damage. The difficulty in fighting fires involving hydrocarbons with common compounds led to the use of special foams for fire control, the AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam), being, however, also harmful to the environment and its organisms. Bioremediation emerges as a simple and low cost process when compared to other alternatives, besides being less aggressive and the most appropriate for maintaining ecological balance. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of environmental strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis species in biodegrade diesel S10 and substances present in foam for fire fighting (AFFF), in sediment of coastal areas. The biodegradation of contaminants was evaluated by means of a 2.6 dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), Bartha and Pramer respirometry and chemical analysis of the contaminant by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG/MS). The results showed the ability of bacterial strains to biodegrade substances present in diesel and AFFF, both in isolation and in bacterial intercropping. The concentration of biodegraded carbons (C) (μmol) of AFF (6%) with the intercropping was 7.32E±03, while for diesel S10 (2.5%) the concentration of biodegraded C (μmol) was 1.55E±04. After the biodegradation of Bartha and Pramer, the results show a degradation of up to 6x of the initial concentration, the CG/MS analysis showed changes in the chromatographic profile of diesel, demonstrating a degradation of the compounds, mainly the chromatographic profile of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and O-Xylene), in the [2.5%] it is noted that benzene was totally degraded. The results highlighted the importance of the use of environmental strains in bioremediation, providing a reduction in the adaptive period and a quick action of bioremediation of contaminated environments. The present work demonstrated that the selected strains are efficient in remedying contamination by these types of compounds, having great potential for future studies that could allow their use in other commercial compounds.
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Palavras-chave
Biodegradação, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, BTEX