Efeito do extrato das folhas de bergamota (Citrus bergamia) sobre o estado RedOx-Inflamatório nos órgãos alvo da obesidade
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Data
2023-02-16
Autores
Siqueira, Juliana Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O alto consumo de alimentos industrializados ricos em carboidratos simples e gordura saturada está associado a um balanço energético positivo e acúmulo de gordura. Esse cenário contribui para o aumento dos índices de obesidade na população mundial nas últimas décadas. A disfunção do tecido adiposo tem sido relatada como um fator importante nos estágios iniciais das comorbidades associadas à obesidade a partir de vários mecanismos diretos e indiretos, como secreção desregulada de adipocinas, infiltração de macrófagos, inflamação, defesa antioxidante reduzida e estresse oxidativo que podem atuar em vários processos metabólicos, como hipertensão, dislipidemia, resistência à insulina e disfunções de tecidos e órgãos, como coração, fígado e rins, conhecidos como órgãos-alvo da obesidade. A adição de compostos bioativos, ricos em polifenóis, no hábito alimentar atua de forma benéfica pois, além de reduzir a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo gerados por dietas obesogênicas, podem ser facilmente introduzidos na rotina alimentar dos indivíduos através do consumo de frutas, legumes e vegetais. O objetivo desse tra- balho foi avaliar o efeito do extrato de folhas de bergamota (Citrus bergamia) sobre o tratamento de parâmetros do estado RedOx/inflamatório nos órgãos alvos da obesidade (fígado, rins, coração e tecido adiposo) em animais submetidos a dieta rica em açúcar e gordura. Materiais e Métodos: 48 ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em 2 grupos experimentais recebendo dieta controle (Controle, n=24) e dieta rica em açúcar e gordura (HSF, n=24) por 20 semanas. Posteriormente, os animais foram selecionados e redistribuídos para o início do tratamento de 10 semanas com extrato da folha de bergamota (Fo) por gavage (50mg/kg animal) em 4 grupos: dieta controle (Controle, n=10), dieta controle + Fo (Controle+Fo, n=10), dieta rica em açúcar e gordura (HSF, n=10) e dieta rica em açúcar e gordura + Fo (HSF+Fo, n=10). Os animais foram avaliados quando ao perfil nutricional, metabólico e hormonal; função cardíaca, hepática e renal; parâmetros inflamatórios e do estresse oxidativo. Resultados: Foi possível observar que os animais que consumiram a di- eta HSF apresentaram obesidade, dislipidemia, hiperglicemia, resistência insulínica, hipertensão, disfunção cardíaca, hepática e renal, inflamação e estresse oxidativo nos órgãos-alvo da obesidade. O tratamento com Fo mostrou proteção, demonstrando redução de triglicérides, insulina e resistência insulínica; aumento de níveis séricos de HDL colesterol; e redução da inflamação e do estresse oxidativo no tecido adiposo, coração, fígado e rins. Conclusão: Desta forma, o tratamento com extrato das folhas de bergamota mostrou-se capaz de atuar nos parâmetros metabólicos sistêmicos, bem como sobre a recuperação do cenário redox/inflamatório em diferentes tecidos de animais obesos.
Introduction: The high consumption of industrialized food rich in simple carbohydrates and saturated fat is associated to a positive energy balance and fat accumulation. This scenario contributes to increased obesity rates in the world population in recent decades. Adipose tissue dysfunction has been reported as an important factor in the early stages of obesity-associated comorbidities from several direct and indirect mechanisms such as unregulated adipokine secretion, macrophages infiltration, inflammation, reduced antioxidant defense and oxidative stress that can act in several metabolic processes, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and tissue and organ dysfunction, such as the heart, liver and kidneys, known as obesity target organs. The better understanding of the processes involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction can help in preventive and treatment studies in order to curb the obesity associated consequences. The addition of bioactive compounds, rich in polyphenols, to the dietary habit acts beneficially because, in addition to reducing inflammation and oxidative stress generated by obesogenic diets, they can be easily introduced into the dietary routine of individuals through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of bergamot leaf extract (Citrus bergamia) on the treatment of parameters of the RedOx/inflammatory state in obesity target organs (liver, kidneys, heart and adipose tissue) in animals submitted to a high sugar-fat diet. Materials and methods: 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 2 experimental groups receiving a control diet (Control, n=24) and a high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n=24) for 20 weeks. Then, the animals were selected and re-divided for the beginning of the 10- week treatment with bergamot leaf extract (Fo) by gavage (50mg/kg animal) into 4 groups: control diet (Control, n=10), control diet + Fo (Control+Fo, n=10), high- sugar-fat diet (HSF, n=10) and high sugar-fat diet + Fo (HSF+Fo, n=10). The ani- mals were evaluated regarding their nutritional, metabolic and hormonal profile; heart, liver, and kidney function; inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Results: It was possible to observe that the animals that consumed the HSF diet had obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, heart, liver and kidney dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress in the obesity target organs. Treatment with Fo showed protection, demonstrating a reduction in triglycerides, insulin and insulin resistance; increased serum levels of HDL cholesterol; and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, heart, liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Thus, the treatment with bergamot leaf extract was able to act on systemic metabolic parameters, as well as on the recovery of the redox/inflammatory scenario in different tissues of obese animals.
Introduction: The high consumption of industrialized food rich in simple carbohydrates and saturated fat is associated to a positive energy balance and fat accumulation. This scenario contributes to increased obesity rates in the world population in recent decades. Adipose tissue dysfunction has been reported as an important factor in the early stages of obesity-associated comorbidities from several direct and indirect mechanisms such as unregulated adipokine secretion, macrophages infiltration, inflammation, reduced antioxidant defense and oxidative stress that can act in several metabolic processes, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and tissue and organ dysfunction, such as the heart, liver and kidneys, known as obesity target organs. The better understanding of the processes involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction can help in preventive and treatment studies in order to curb the obesity associated consequences. The addition of bioactive compounds, rich in polyphenols, to the dietary habit acts beneficially because, in addition to reducing inflammation and oxidative stress generated by obesogenic diets, they can be easily introduced into the dietary routine of individuals through the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of bergamot leaf extract (Citrus bergamia) on the treatment of parameters of the RedOx/inflammatory state in obesity target organs (liver, kidneys, heart and adipose tissue) in animals submitted to a high sugar-fat diet. Materials and methods: 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 2 experimental groups receiving a control diet (Control, n=24) and a high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n=24) for 20 weeks. Then, the animals were selected and re-divided for the beginning of the 10- week treatment with bergamot leaf extract (Fo) by gavage (50mg/kg animal) into 4 groups: control diet (Control, n=10), control diet + Fo (Control+Fo, n=10), high- sugar-fat diet (HSF, n=10) and high sugar-fat diet + Fo (HSF+Fo, n=10). The ani- mals were evaluated regarding their nutritional, metabolic and hormonal profile; heart, liver, and kidney function; inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Results: It was possible to observe that the animals that consumed the HSF diet had obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, heart, liver and kidney dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress in the obesity target organs. Treatment with Fo showed protection, demonstrating a reduction in triglycerides, insulin and insulin resistance; increased serum levels of HDL cholesterol; and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, heart, liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Thus, the treatment with bergamot leaf extract was able to act on systemic metabolic parameters, as well as on the recovery of the redox/inflammatory scenario in different tissues of obese animals.
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Palavras-chave
Dieta ocidental, Composto bioativo, Inflamação, Estresse oxidativo, Western diet, Bioactive compound, Inflammation, Oxidative stress