A geopolítica da Belt and Road Initiative vista pela teoria de relações internacionais: um debate entre os realismos moral e ofensivo
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Data
2023-03-07
Autores
Alves, Rafael Queiroz
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo objetiva analisar os fundamentos estratégicos da Belt and Road Initiative no contexto de ascensão geopolítica da China rumo à liderança do sistema internacional. Os referenciais teóricos adotados para examinar os aspectos da iniciativa são o realismo ofensivo, desenvolvido pelo cientista político estadunidense, John J. Mearsheimer, e o realismo moral, elaborado pelo cientista político chinês, Yan Xuetong. Ambos possuem os preceitos da geopolítica clássica imbuídos em seus escopos teóricos realistas. Entretanto, as perspectivas dos autores a respeito do funcionamento do sistema internacional são divergentes, e essas diferenças se inserem na compreensão do escopo do megaprojeto sistêmico e institucional de expansão comercial, diplomática e política arquitetado pela China durante o governo de Xi Jinping por meio da Nova Rota da Seda. Consequentemente, pela exposição das diferenças de análise e avaliação das procedências argumentativas dos referenciais teóricos, deve ser propiciada uma compreensão objetiva e precisa sobre a função geopolítica da Belt and Road Initiative.
The present study aims to analyze the strategic foundations of the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of China's geopolitical rise towards the leadership of the international system. The theoretical frameworks adopted to examine aspects of the initiative are offensive realism, developed by the American political scientist, John J. Mearsheimer, and moral realism, elaborated by the Chinese political scientist, Yan Xuetong. Both have the precepts of classical geopolitics embedded in their realistic theoretical scopes. However, the authors' perspectives regarding the functioning of the international system are divergent, and these differences are part of the understanding of the scope of the systemic and institutional mega-project of commercial, diplomatic and political expansion architected by China during the Xi Jinping government through the New Silk Road. Consequently, by exposing the differences in analysis and evaluation of the argumentative provenances of the theoretical references, an objective and precise understanding of the geopolitical role of the Belt and Road Initiative may be provided.
The present study aims to analyze the strategic foundations of the Belt and Road Initiative in the context of China's geopolitical rise towards the leadership of the international system. The theoretical frameworks adopted to examine aspects of the initiative are offensive realism, developed by the American political scientist, John J. Mearsheimer, and moral realism, elaborated by the Chinese political scientist, Yan Xuetong. Both have the precepts of classical geopolitics embedded in their realistic theoretical scopes. However, the authors' perspectives regarding the functioning of the international system are divergent, and these differences are part of the understanding of the scope of the systemic and institutional mega-project of commercial, diplomatic and political expansion architected by China during the Xi Jinping government through the New Silk Road. Consequently, by exposing the differences in analysis and evaluation of the argumentative provenances of the theoretical references, an objective and precise understanding of the geopolitical role of the Belt and Road Initiative may be provided.
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Palavras-chave
Relações internacionais, Geopolítica, Política internacional, Filosofia chinesa, Ciências sociais, World politics, International relations, Geopolitics, Social sciences
Como citar
ALVES, Rafael Queiroz. A geopolítica da Belt and Road Initiative vista pela teoria de relações internacionais: um debate entre os realismos moral e ofensivo. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2023.