Caracterização da segurança e das atividades terapêutica e imunomoduladora da lincomicina no tratamento de infecções por Streptococcus agalactiae e Aeromonas hydrophila em tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Data
2023-02-17
Autores
Costa, Camila Carlino da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
objetivou-se avaliar o potencial imunofarmacológico da lincomicina, administrada via oral, em tilápias do Nilo, O. niloticus, através dos estudos de: segurança clínica e eficácia terapêutica. Para estudo da segurança clínica, foram utilizadas 136 tilápias (±100g), distribuídas aleatoriamente em 17 tanques (100L de água, n=8) para constituir as repetições dos diferentes tratamentos: T0 (grupo controle, não tratado com lincomicina); T1, T2, T3 (tratados com 10, 20 e 40mg/kg-1 de p.v. de lincomicina, respectivamente) e T4 padrão fisiológico (valores de referência). Oito animais foram amostrados por tratamento em 4 períodos: 2, 4 e 8 dias pós-tratamento com lincomicina e um grupo que foi tratado por 8 dias com o fármaco e após isso tratado apenas com ração comercial até o 12º dia para avaliação da recuperação clínica, foram coletados amostras de sangue para determinação do hemograma e bioquímico, além de órgãos como baço, fígado e rins para avaliação somática. Para estudo da eficácia terapêutica foram utilizadas 360 tilápias, acondicionadas em 36 tanques de 100L (n=10), sendo 100 tilápias submetidas a testes para estabelecimento da DL50, em que 50 tilápias (5 tanques, n=10) foram infectadas com diferentes concentrações de S. agalactiae e 50 tilápias para A. hydrophila. Para os ensaios experimentais da eficácia terapêutica, foram utilizadas 260 animais, sendo 130 tilápias para cada desafio experimental, constituindo os tratamentos: S0/A0 (controle, infecção e não tratado com lincomicina); S1/A1, S2/A2 e S3/A3 (infecção e tratados com 40, 20 e 10mg/kg¬-1 de p.v. de lincomicina, respectivamente) e PF (padrão fisiológico, n=10). Animais que sobreviveram ao estimulo infeccioso foram amostrados no 8º dia pós-infecção (dpi) e 4 dias após o término do tratamento (12º dpi) para avaliação da recuperação clínica. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue para hemograma, leucograma, burst oxidativo e mensuração de anticorpos anti-S. agalactiae e anti-A. hydrophila. Tilápias tratadas com lincomicina apresentaram um aumento transitório nos valores de ALT, AST, colesterol, triglicérides e creatinina, que retornaram aos níveis normais após o período de recuperação. Tilápias tratadas com lincomicina e desafiadas com S. agalactiae apresentaram diminuição de leucócitos totais, associada a diminuição do burst oxidativo e aumento dos anticorpos anti-S. agalactiae, além de não revelarem sinais clínicos característicos de estreptococose. Tilápias desafiadas com A. hydrophila tratadas com lincomicina apresentaram diminuição do burst oxidativo, entretanto, animais do grupo controle apresentaram alta taxa de mortalidade associadas aos sinais característicos de aeromonose e os poucos animais sobreviventes apresentaram aumento de anticorpos Anti-A. hydrophila. Os estudos da eficácia terapêutica da lincomicina revelaram o seu potencial contra a S. agalactiae, mas os achados para A. hydrophila, sugerem que a lincomicina não seja um antibacteriano de predileção para o controle desta infecção em tilápias do Nilo.
The objective was to evaluate the immunopharmacological potential of lincomycin, administered orally, in Nile tilapia, O. niloticus, through studies of: clinical safety and therapeutic efficacy. For the clinical safety study, 136 tilapia (±100g) were used, randomly distributed in 17 tanks (100L of water, n=8) constitute the repetitions of the different treatments: T0 (control group, not treated with lincomycin); T1, T2, T3 (treated with 10, 20 and 40mg/kg-1 b.w. of lincomycin, respectively) and T4 physiological standard (reference values). Eight animals were sampled by treatment in 4 periods: 2, 4 and 8 days after treatment with lincomycin and a group that was treated for 8 days with the drug and after that treated only with commercial feed until the 12th day for evaluation of clinical recovery, were collected blood for determination for hemogram and biochemistry, in addition to organs such as the spleen, liver and kidneys for somatic evaluation. To study the therapeutic efficacy, 360 tilapias were used, placed in 36 tanks of 100L (n=10), with the following distribution being carried out: 100 tilapias were included in tests to establish the LD50, in which 50 tilapias (5 tanks, n=10) were infected with different concentrations of S. agalactiae and 50 tilapia for A. hydrophila. For the experimental trials of therapeutic efficacy, 260 animals were used, 130 tilapias for each experimental challenge, constituting the treatments: S0/A0 (control, infection and not treated with lincomycin); S1/A1, S2/A2 and S3/A3 (infection and treated with 40, 20 and 10mg/kg-1 b.w. of lincomycin, respectively) and PF (physiological pattern, n=10). Animals that survived the infectious challenge were sampled on the 8th post-infection day (dpi) and 4 days after the end of treatment (12th dpi) to assess clinical recovery. Blood samples were collected for hemogram, leukogram, oxidative burst and measurement of antibodies against S. agalactiae and anti-A. hydrophila. Tilapia treated with lincomycin showed a transient increase in ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine values, which returned to normal levels after the recovery period. Tilapia treated with lincomycin and challenged with S. agalactiae showed a decrease in total leukocytes, associated with a decrease in oxidative burst and increase in antibodies against S. agalactiae, in addition to not revealing characteristic clinical signs of streptococcosis. Tilapias challenged with A. hydrophila treated with lincomycin showed a decrease in the oxidative burst, however, animals in the control group showed a high mortality rate associated with the characteristic signs of aeromonosis and the and the few surviving animals showed increased Anti-A. hydrophila antibodies. Studies on the therapeutic efficacy of lincomycin revealed the potential of this antibacterial against S. agalactiae, revealing a dose-response effect for the control of this experimental infection, but the findings for A. hydrophila suggest that lincomycin is not a predilection antibacterial for the control of this infection in Nile tilapia.
The objective was to evaluate the immunopharmacological potential of lincomycin, administered orally, in Nile tilapia, O. niloticus, through studies of: clinical safety and therapeutic efficacy. For the clinical safety study, 136 tilapia (±100g) were used, randomly distributed in 17 tanks (100L of water, n=8) constitute the repetitions of the different treatments: T0 (control group, not treated with lincomycin); T1, T2, T3 (treated with 10, 20 and 40mg/kg-1 b.w. of lincomycin, respectively) and T4 physiological standard (reference values). Eight animals were sampled by treatment in 4 periods: 2, 4 and 8 days after treatment with lincomycin and a group that was treated for 8 days with the drug and after that treated only with commercial feed until the 12th day for evaluation of clinical recovery, were collected blood for determination for hemogram and biochemistry, in addition to organs such as the spleen, liver and kidneys for somatic evaluation. To study the therapeutic efficacy, 360 tilapias were used, placed in 36 tanks of 100L (n=10), with the following distribution being carried out: 100 tilapias were included in tests to establish the LD50, in which 50 tilapias (5 tanks, n=10) were infected with different concentrations of S. agalactiae and 50 tilapia for A. hydrophila. For the experimental trials of therapeutic efficacy, 260 animals were used, 130 tilapias for each experimental challenge, constituting the treatments: S0/A0 (control, infection and not treated with lincomycin); S1/A1, S2/A2 and S3/A3 (infection and treated with 40, 20 and 10mg/kg-1 b.w. of lincomycin, respectively) and PF (physiological pattern, n=10). Animals that survived the infectious challenge were sampled on the 8th post-infection day (dpi) and 4 days after the end of treatment (12th dpi) to assess clinical recovery. Blood samples were collected for hemogram, leukogram, oxidative burst and measurement of antibodies against S. agalactiae and anti-A. hydrophila. Tilapia treated with lincomycin showed a transient increase in ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine values, which returned to normal levels after the recovery period. Tilapia treated with lincomycin and challenged with S. agalactiae showed a decrease in total leukocytes, associated with a decrease in oxidative burst and increase in antibodies against S. agalactiae, in addition to not revealing characteristic clinical signs of streptococcosis. Tilapias challenged with A. hydrophila treated with lincomycin showed a decrease in the oxidative burst, however, animals in the control group showed a high mortality rate associated with the characteristic signs of aeromonosis and the and the few surviving animals showed increased Anti-A. hydrophila antibodies. Studies on the therapeutic efficacy of lincomycin revealed the potential of this antibacterial against S. agalactiae, revealing a dose-response effect for the control of this experimental infection, but the findings for A. hydrophila suggest that lincomycin is not a predilection antibacterial for the control of this infection in Nile tilapia.
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Palavras-chave
Ciclídeos, Lincosamidas, Tilápia do nilo, Streptococcus