As trajetórias da luta pela terra no Território Prof. Cory/Andradina (SP): a visão dos atores sociais que as vivenciaram
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Data
2023-01-17
Autores
Silva, Débora Pavani
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As condições de territorialização do Território Prof. Cory/Andradina, que corresponde à Microrregião Geográfica de Andradina-SP, conformaram uma estrutura fundiária extremamente concentrada e levou atualmente à coexistência contraditória de extensas áreas de canaviais e um grande número de assentamentos rurais, criados a partir de desapropriações de terras particulares para fins de reforma agrária. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as trajetórias de luta pela terra, tendo como base a visão dos atores sociais que participaram do processo de formação e evolução dos assentamentos rurais, no referido Território. A fim de ter uma visão de conjunto de como se desenvolveu e está se desenvolvendo a questão da terra no Território, além da revisão bibliográfica e exame de documentos, a principal fonte de informações foram os atores sociais que vivenciaram a luta por meio da metodologia qualitativa da História Oral. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 37 atores sociais assentados que lideraram ou tiveram participação ativa nos processos de lutas, buscando também contemplar a diversidade de situações encontradas. As lutas do Território Prof. Cory/Andradina estão fragmentadas em diferentes contextos, envolvendo posseiros contra a grilagem de terras, atingidos por barragem, boias-frias e trabalhadores sem-terra, as quais constituem uma história rica e complexa. Essas histórias demonstraram, nos diferentes casos, que a tessitura de um processo de organização, como a formação dos movimentos socioterritoriais, foi fundamental para um desfecho favorável para os trabalhadores rurais. Apesar das ações do Estado, como programas de reforma agrária e convênios para vistoria de áreas terem contribuído com a criação dos 38 assentamentos rurais, estas sempre foram realizadas mediante forte pressão popular dos movimentos sociais. A convergência da expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, nas duas últimas décadas, e da conjuntura de crise política a partir de 2013 e do golpe em 2016, têm acentuado a reconcentração da propriedade fundiária e gerado novamente riscos de expropriação da população pobre do campo, em função do desmonte das políticas públicas de apoio à agricultura familiar e da entrada da cana e/ou placas fotovoltaicas nos assentamentos rurais pelas propostas de “parcerias”. Apesar dessas ações que visam retomar os níveis de concentração fundiária e do poder, a luta pela terra no Território proporcionou o acesso à terra à aproximadamente 3500 famílias, cerca de 80% do total de agricultores familiares do Território, que passaram a ter melhores condições de alimentação e moradia e que dinamizaram a economia dos mercados locais/regional pela produção de alimentos, favorecendo a conscientização da população local sobre os direitos e valores dos trabalhadores rurais e da agricultura familiar.
The conditions of territorialization of the Território Prof. Cory/Andradina, which corresponds to the Geographic Microregion of Andradina-SP, formed an extremely concentrated land structure and currently led to the contradictory coexistence of extensive areas of sugarcane plantations and a large number of rural settlements, created from the expropriation of private lands for the purposes of land reform. The objective of this research was to analyze the trajectories of the struggle for land, based on the vision of the social actors who participated in the process of formation and evolution of rural settlements in the referred Territory. In order to have an overall view of how the land issue has developed and is being developed in the Territory, in addition to the bibliographical review and examination of documents, the main source of information was the social actors who experienced the struggle through the qualitative methodology of Oral History. To this end, 37 settled social actors who led or had an active participation in the struggle processes were interviewed, also seeking to contemplate the diversity of situations encountered. The struggles of the Terrirório Prof. Cory/Andradina are fragmented into different contexts, involving residents against land grabbing, people affected by dams, day laborers and landless workers, which constitute a rich and complex history. These stories demonstrated, in different cases, that the composition of an organization process, such as the formation of socio-territorial movements, was fundamental for a favorable outcome for rural workers. Despite the actions of the State, such as agrarian reform programs and agreements for inspection of areas having contributed to the creation of the 38 rural settlements, these were always carried out under strong popular pressure from social movements. The convergence of the expansion of sugarcane cultivation, in the last two decades, and the conjuncture of political crisis from 2013 and the coup in 2016, have accentuated the reconcentration of land ownership and once again generated risks of expropriation of the poor rural population, due to the dismantling of public policies that support family farming and the entry of sugarcane and/or photovoltaic panels into rural settlements through “partnership” proposals. Despite these actions aimed at resuming levels of land concentration and power, the struggle for land in the Territory provided access to land to approximately 3500 families, around 80% of the total family farmers in the Territory, who now have better conditions of food and housing, and which boosted the economy of local/regional markets through food production, raising awareness among the local population about the rights and values of rural workers and family farming.
The conditions of territorialization of the Território Prof. Cory/Andradina, which corresponds to the Geographic Microregion of Andradina-SP, formed an extremely concentrated land structure and currently led to the contradictory coexistence of extensive areas of sugarcane plantations and a large number of rural settlements, created from the expropriation of private lands for the purposes of land reform. The objective of this research was to analyze the trajectories of the struggle for land, based on the vision of the social actors who participated in the process of formation and evolution of rural settlements in the referred Territory. In order to have an overall view of how the land issue has developed and is being developed in the Territory, in addition to the bibliographical review and examination of documents, the main source of information was the social actors who experienced the struggle through the qualitative methodology of Oral History. To this end, 37 settled social actors who led or had an active participation in the struggle processes were interviewed, also seeking to contemplate the diversity of situations encountered. The struggles of the Terrirório Prof. Cory/Andradina are fragmented into different contexts, involving residents against land grabbing, people affected by dams, day laborers and landless workers, which constitute a rich and complex history. These stories demonstrated, in different cases, that the composition of an organization process, such as the formation of socio-territorial movements, was fundamental for a favorable outcome for rural workers. Despite the actions of the State, such as agrarian reform programs and agreements for inspection of areas having contributed to the creation of the 38 rural settlements, these were always carried out under strong popular pressure from social movements. The convergence of the expansion of sugarcane cultivation, in the last two decades, and the conjuncture of political crisis from 2013 and the coup in 2016, have accentuated the reconcentration of land ownership and once again generated risks of expropriation of the poor rural population, due to the dismantling of public policies that support family farming and the entry of sugarcane and/or photovoltaic panels into rural settlements through “partnership” proposals. Despite these actions aimed at resuming levels of land concentration and power, the struggle for land in the Territory provided access to land to approximately 3500 families, around 80% of the total family farmers in the Territory, who now have better conditions of food and housing, and which boosted the economy of local/regional markets through food production, raising awareness among the local population about the rights and values of rural workers and family farming.
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Palavras-chave
Microrregião Geográfica de Andradina-SP, Luta pela reforma agrária, Assentamentos rurais, Movimentos sociais, História oral, Microrregião Geográfica de Andradina-SP, Struggle for agrarian reform, Rural settlements, Social movements, Oral history, Geographic Microregion of Andradina-SP