Produtividades de arroz e feijão relacionadas com atributos físicos e químicos de um latossolo tratado com composto orgânico no cerrado
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2023-02-10
Autores
Pinotti, Carla Regina
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A utilização do lodo de esgoto promove economia de fertilizantes minerais e aumenta a produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Na safra 2017/2018, foi instalado um experimento em Selvíria-MS, em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO argiloso, o arroz foi cultivado na safra de verão e o feijão na safra de inverno, o mesmo sendo repetido na safra de 2018/2019. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo: quatro doses de composto de lodo de esgoto (CLE) (5,0; 7,5; 10 e 12,5 Mg ha-1 base úmida) aplicadas em área total e dois tratamentos controles (sem aplicação do CLE e com adubação mineral convencional), o CLE foi aplicado apenas antes da implantação da cultura do arroz, nas duas safras e analisou-se o efeito residual no cultivo de feijão. Os atributos físicos avaliados foram macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), porosidade total (Pt), densidade do solo (Ds), diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) e diâmetro médio geométrico (DMG) em três profundidades (0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m) nas duas safras. Também foram avaliadas as produtividades de grãos de arroz e feijão e a fertilidade do solo com uma aplicação de CLE após o cultivo sucessivo de arroz e feijão. As doses de composto de lodo de esgoto não modificaram os atributos físicos avaliados na primeira safra, mas os resultados obtidos indicam que o CLE apresenta potencial para uso agrícola, pois na segunda safra houve melhora na macroporosidade, na densidade e nos agregados do solo. O tratamento que proporcionou maior produtividade de grãos de arroz foi de 5 Mg ha-1 na safra 2017/2018. Houve incremento na produtividade de grãos de feijão nas duas safras avaliadas quando se aplicou as maiores doses de CLE, ou seja 7,5; 10 e 12,5 Mg ha-1. A adubação com CLE proporcionou aumento nos teores de fósforo no solo com o aumento das doses de composto de lodo de esgoto na profundidade de 0,00 a 0,05 m, o maior valor de fósforo foi de 53 mg dm-3 quando houve aplicação de 12,5 Mg ha-1. O uso do CLE, é eficiente como complemento da adubação mineral para o cultivo sucessivo de arroz e feijão, porém estudos de maior duração são recomendados para confirmar os benefícios da sua aplicação em solos de cerrado.
The use of sewage sludge saves chemical fertilizers and increases the productivity of agricultural crops. In the 2017/2018 harvest, an experiment was installed in Selvíria-MS, Brazil, in a clayey Oxisol, rice was grown in the summer harvest and beans in the winter harvest, the same being repeated in the 2018/2019 harvest. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, as follows: four doses of sewage sludge compost (CLE) (5.0; 7.5; 10 and 12.5 Mg ha-1 wet basis) applied in a total area and two control treatments (without application of CLE and with conventional mineral fertilization), the CLE was applied just before the implantation of the rice crop, in both harvests and the residual effect in the bean crop was analyzed. The physical attributes evaluated were macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (Pt), soil density (Ds), weighted average diameter (DMP) and geometric mean diameter (DMG) at three depths (0.00-0.05; 0.05-0.10 and 0. 10-0.20 m) in both harvests. Rice and bean grain yields and soil fertility were also evaluated with an application of CLE after successive cultivation of rice and bean. The doses of sewage sludge compost did not modify the physical attributes evaluated in the first season, but the results obtained indicate that CLE has potential for agricultural use, since in the second season there was an improvement in macroporosity, density and soil aggregates. The treatment that provided the highest rice grain yield was 5 Mg ha-1 in the 2017/2018 season. There was an increase in bean grain yield in the two seasons evaluated when the highest doses of CLE were applied, that is, 7.5; 10 and 12.5 Mg ha-1. Fertilization whit CLE provided an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil with the increase in sewage sludge compost doses at a depth of 0.00 to 0.05 m, the highest phosphorus value was 53 mg dm-3 when there was application of 12.5 Mg ha-1. The use of CLE is efficient as a complement to mineral fertilization for the successive cultivation of rice and beans, but longer-term studies are recommended to confirm the benefits of its application in cerrado soils.
The use of sewage sludge saves chemical fertilizers and increases the productivity of agricultural crops. In the 2017/2018 harvest, an experiment was installed in Selvíria-MS, Brazil, in a clayey Oxisol, rice was grown in the summer harvest and beans in the winter harvest, the same being repeated in the 2018/2019 harvest. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications, as follows: four doses of sewage sludge compost (CLE) (5.0; 7.5; 10 and 12.5 Mg ha-1 wet basis) applied in a total area and two control treatments (without application of CLE and with conventional mineral fertilization), the CLE was applied just before the implantation of the rice crop, in both harvests and the residual effect in the bean crop was analyzed. The physical attributes evaluated were macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), total porosity (Pt), soil density (Ds), weighted average diameter (DMP) and geometric mean diameter (DMG) at three depths (0.00-0.05; 0.05-0.10 and 0. 10-0.20 m) in both harvests. Rice and bean grain yields and soil fertility were also evaluated with an application of CLE after successive cultivation of rice and bean. The doses of sewage sludge compost did not modify the physical attributes evaluated in the first season, but the results obtained indicate that CLE has potential for agricultural use, since in the second season there was an improvement in macroporosity, density and soil aggregates. The treatment that provided the highest rice grain yield was 5 Mg ha-1 in the 2017/2018 season. There was an increase in bean grain yield in the two seasons evaluated when the highest doses of CLE were applied, that is, 7.5; 10 and 12.5 Mg ha-1. Fertilization whit CLE provided an increase in phosphorus levels in the soil with the increase in sewage sludge compost doses at a depth of 0.00 to 0.05 m, the highest phosphorus value was 53 mg dm-3 when there was application of 12.5 Mg ha-1. The use of CLE is efficient as a complement to mineral fertilization for the successive cultivation of rice and beans, but longer-term studies are recommended to confirm the benefits of its application in cerrado soils.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Oryza sativa L., Urban waste, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Biosolid, Sustainability, Resíduo urbano, Biossólido, Sustentabilidade