Revisão taxonômica de Phalotris matogrossensis (Squamata: Dipsadidae), com comentários sobre o grupo Phalotris tricolor
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Data
2023-01-13
Autores
Cavalheri, Diego Gomiero
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Phalotris, composto atualmente por 20 espécies, compreende serpentes de médio porte que se alimentam de répteis serpentiformes, possuem hábitos fossoriais e são tipicamente encontradas na diagonal de formações abertas da América do Sul. Muitas espécies do gênero carecem de revisões sistemáticas que usem da taxonomia integrativa para compreender as variações morfológicas, a presença de espécies crípticas e suas relações filogenéticas. Neste estudo utilizamos de dados de morfologia externa e hemipeniana, dados morfométricos, coloração e dados moleculares a fim de verificar o status taxonômico de P. matogrossensis. Analisamos os limites de sua variação ao longo da distribuição, a existência de espécies crípticas dentro da entidade taxonômica, e avaliamos os caracteres utilizados para diagnosticar esta espécie. Nossos resultados moleculares mostraram que, apesar de possuir alta diversidade genética, P. matogrossensis representa uma única entidade taxonômica e válida, e o grupo de espécies P. tricolor é parafilético, com P. mertensi como grupo irmão do grupo P. bilineatus, e P. matogrossensis como irmão das demais espécies do gênero. Os dados morfológicos mostram que P. matogrossensis possui caracteres que a diferenciam das demais espécies do gênero, com exceção de P. sansebastiani, não sendo possível separar as duas espécies com nenhum dos caracteres analisados neste estudo. Por conta da ausência de diferenças entre P. matogrossensis e P. sansebastiani, decidimos considerar P. sansebastiani como sinônimo junior de P. matogrossensis. Dado a divergências da osteologia craniana, hemipeniana e dos padrões dos colares nucais, optamos por retirar P. mertensi do grupo P. tricolo, e apresentamos uma redescrição da espécie. Phalotris matogrossensis então inclui espécimes com ocorrência na região centro-oeste, sudeste e sul do Brasil, leste do Paraguai, norte da Argentina, e oeste da Bolívia, possui dimorfismo sexual, e apresenta bons caracteres diagnósticos com relação as demais espécies do gênero.
The genus Phalotris, currently composed by 20 species, comprise medium sized snakes, which feed snake like reptiles, have fossorial habits and are typically from the diagonal of open formation in South America. Many species of the genus lack a systematic revision which use integrative taxonomy to understand the morphological variation, the presence of cryptic species and their phylogenetic relationship. Herein we used external morphology, and hemipenial, morphometric data, coloration pattern, and molecular data for the purpose to check the taxonomic status of the P. matogrossensis. We analyzed the limits of the variation along the distribution, the presence of the cryptic species within the taxonomic entity, and evaluate the characters used to diagnose this species. Our molecular results show a high genetic diversity in P. matogrossensis, which represent a valid species without cryptic diversity, and the group P. tricolor appears as paraphyletic, with P. mertensi as sister group of P. bilineatus group, and P. matogrossensis as sister for all other species of the genus. The morphological data show that P. matogrossensis has diagnosed characters in relation with other species of the genus, but P. sansebastiani, which was not possible to separate these two species with any of the characters analyzed in this study. Given the lack of differences between P. matogrossensis and P. sansebastiani, we decided consider P. sansebastiani as a junior synonym of P. matogrossensis, and we present a redescription of the species. Due to divergences in cranial osteology, hemipenis morphology and nuchal collars pattern, we opt to remove P. mertensi from the P. tricolor group. Phalotris matogrossensis includes specimens with occurrence in the midwest, southeast and south of Brazil, east of Paraguay, north of Argentina, and west of Bolivia, has sexual dimorphism, and presents good diagnostic characters in relation to the other species of the genus.
The genus Phalotris, currently composed by 20 species, comprise medium sized snakes, which feed snake like reptiles, have fossorial habits and are typically from the diagonal of open formation in South America. Many species of the genus lack a systematic revision which use integrative taxonomy to understand the morphological variation, the presence of cryptic species and their phylogenetic relationship. Herein we used external morphology, and hemipenial, morphometric data, coloration pattern, and molecular data for the purpose to check the taxonomic status of the P. matogrossensis. We analyzed the limits of the variation along the distribution, the presence of the cryptic species within the taxonomic entity, and evaluate the characters used to diagnose this species. Our molecular results show a high genetic diversity in P. matogrossensis, which represent a valid species without cryptic diversity, and the group P. tricolor appears as paraphyletic, with P. mertensi as sister group of P. bilineatus group, and P. matogrossensis as sister for all other species of the genus. The morphological data show that P. matogrossensis has diagnosed characters in relation with other species of the genus, but P. sansebastiani, which was not possible to separate these two species with any of the characters analyzed in this study. Given the lack of differences between P. matogrossensis and P. sansebastiani, we decided consider P. sansebastiani as a junior synonym of P. matogrossensis, and we present a redescription of the species. Due to divergences in cranial osteology, hemipenis morphology and nuchal collars pattern, we opt to remove P. mertensi from the P. tricolor group. Phalotris matogrossensis includes specimens with occurrence in the midwest, southeast and south of Brazil, east of Paraguay, north of Argentina, and west of Bolivia, has sexual dimorphism, and presents good diagnostic characters in relation to the other species of the genus.
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Palavras-chave
Elapomorphini, Hemipênis, Neotropical, Sistemática, Taxonomia, Xenodontinae, Systematic, Taxonomy