Estudo de endoparasitos e ectoparasitos em gatos domésticos de área urbana
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Data
2023-03-10
Autores
Reginaldo, Gisele Moraes dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, os animais de estimação têm apresentado uma estreita relação no âmbito familiar. Os felinos domésticos, com seu jeito encantador, são considerados os mascotes mais populares do mundo, com importante papel na sociedade. Estes “pets” são criados para companhia, colaboram no desenvolvimento emocional, social e físico de pessoas, e a opção de escolha pelos felinos está cada vez mais selecionada por conta do estilo de vida moderno, facilidade no manejo e por serem emocionalmente tranquilos. Com isto surge as preocupações em relação a Saúde Pública, pois os gatos podem ser hospedeiros de vários parasitos que apresentam potencial zoonótico, sendo que podem ser transmitidos aos humanos. Os endoparasitos em geral apresentam complicações clínicas para estes animais, como anemia, diarreia, cansaço e também dificuldade respiratória. Adicionalmente, os ectoparasitos podem causar desconforto, prurido generalizado e lesões de pele, com consequentes infecções bacterianas secundárias, diminuindo a saúde e o bem estar destes animais. Foram colhidas amostras de 61 gatos domiciliados que vieram a óbito ou que foram entregues no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Com auxílio de um pente fino, foi feita a escovação para coleta dos ectoparasitos. A necropsia parasitológica foi executada para obtenção dos helmintos adultos. Em seguida, uma amostra de fezes foi colhida diretamente da ampola retal, com finalidade de processar a técnica de Sulfato de Zinco e a Técnica de sedimentação Hoffman. Foi realizada a morfologia, morfometria e análise molecular dos helmintos do estudo. O teste do Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher foram utilizados para as análises estatísticas. Quanto aos resultados, foi possível observar que os felinos domésticos estavam sendo parasitados, por meio das técnicas coproparasitológicas e necrópsia parasitológica, por Ancylostoma spp; Toxocara spp.; Cystoisospora spp.; Giardia spp.; Platynosomun illiciens; Dipylidium caninum, e que as fêmeas tiveram uma maior prevalência (40%) do parasito digenético (Platynossomun illiciens) comparativamente aos do que os machos (11,1%). A utilização das técnicas moleculares auxiliam na identificação da espécie dos helmintos, como houve positividade para Ancylostoma caminum e Platynossomun illiciens do estudo. Sendo assim, concluímos que em ambas as técnicas, coproparasitológicas, necrópsia parasitológica e análise molecular foi possível encontrar positividade para os helmintos e sendo interessante em alguns casos a associação das mesmas, podendo notar que alguns parasitos apresentam potencial zoonótico visto que estes felinos eram considerados domiciliados.
Currently, maintenance animals have shown a close relationship in the family environment. Domestic catls, with their charming manner, are considered the most popular pets in the world, with an important role in society. These “pets” are created for, collaborate in the emotional, social and physical development of people, and the option of choosing cats is increasingly selected due to the modern lifestyle, ease of handling and because they are emotionally calm. With this, concerns arise regarding Public Health, as cats can be hosts of several parasites that have zoonotic potential, and can be transmitted to humans. Endoparasites in general present complications for these animals, such as anemia, diarrhea, tiredness and also respiratory difficulties. In addition, ectoparasites can cause discomfort, generalized itching and skin lesions, with consequent ingestion of the secondary bacteria, verifying the health and well-beinf of these animals. After selecting the animals, with the aid of a fine-toothed comb, brushing was performed to collect the ectoparasites. Parasitological necropsy was performed to obtain adults helminths. Then, a stool sample was collected directly from the rectal ampulla, in order to process the Zinc Sulfate technique and the Hoffman Sedimentation Technique. Morphology, morphometry and molecular analysis of the helminths in the study were performed. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for statical analyses. As for the results, it was possible to observe that domestic felines were being parasitized, through coporparasitological techniques and parasitological necropsy, by Ancylostoma braziliensis, Toxocara spp., Cystoisospora spp., Giardia spp., Platynosomun illiciens and Dypilidium caninum, that female had a higher prevalence (40%) of the digenetic parasite (Platynosomun illiciens) compared to males (11.1%). The use of molecular techniques helps to identify the species of helminths, as there was positivity for Ancylostoma caminum and Platynossomun illiciens in the study. Therefore, we conclude that in both techniques, coproparasitological, parasitological necropsy and molecular analysis, it was possible to find positivity for helminths and being interesting in some cases their association, being able to notice that some parasites have zoonotic potential since these felines were considered domiciled.
Currently, maintenance animals have shown a close relationship in the family environment. Domestic catls, with their charming manner, are considered the most popular pets in the world, with an important role in society. These “pets” are created for, collaborate in the emotional, social and physical development of people, and the option of choosing cats is increasingly selected due to the modern lifestyle, ease of handling and because they are emotionally calm. With this, concerns arise regarding Public Health, as cats can be hosts of several parasites that have zoonotic potential, and can be transmitted to humans. Endoparasites in general present complications for these animals, such as anemia, diarrhea, tiredness and also respiratory difficulties. In addition, ectoparasites can cause discomfort, generalized itching and skin lesions, with consequent ingestion of the secondary bacteria, verifying the health and well-beinf of these animals. After selecting the animals, with the aid of a fine-toothed comb, brushing was performed to collect the ectoparasites. Parasitological necropsy was performed to obtain adults helminths. Then, a stool sample was collected directly from the rectal ampulla, in order to process the Zinc Sulfate technique and the Hoffman Sedimentation Technique. Morphology, morphometry and molecular analysis of the helminths in the study were performed. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used for statical analyses. As for the results, it was possible to observe that domestic felines were being parasitized, through coporparasitological techniques and parasitological necropsy, by Ancylostoma braziliensis, Toxocara spp., Cystoisospora spp., Giardia spp., Platynosomun illiciens and Dypilidium caninum, that female had a higher prevalence (40%) of the digenetic parasite (Platynosomun illiciens) compared to males (11.1%). The use of molecular techniques helps to identify the species of helminths, as there was positivity for Ancylostoma caminum and Platynossomun illiciens in the study. Therefore, we conclude that in both techniques, coproparasitological, parasitological necropsy and molecular analysis, it was possible to find positivity for helminths and being interesting in some cases their association, being able to notice that some parasites have zoonotic potential since these felines were considered domiciled.
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Palavras-chave
Helmintologia, Necrópsia, Saúde Pública, Parasitos