Um estudo discursivo-funcional das orações concessivo-condicionais iniciadas por nem e nem que no português brasileiro
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Data
2022-05-27
Autores
Santos, Gabriela Almeida de Souza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos da abordagem funcional da linguagem e na perspectiva teórica da gramática discursivo-funcional (GDF), de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), e propõe-se a estudar os usos concessivos de nem e nem que no português brasileiro, em seus diversos contextos de uso, tanto na fala como na escrita, nos séculos XIX e XX. Para o levantamento das ocorrências, utilizamos o Corpus do Português (DAVIS; FERREIRA, 2006). Embasaram a presente investigação estudos sobre concessão vinculados a uma orientação funcionalista de tratamento do tema, tais como König (1985, 1994), que analisa dados do inglês; Olbertz, Garcia e Parra (2016) e Parra (2016, 2020), que analisam dados do espanhol; e Garcia (2010) e Fontes (2016), que analisam dados do português. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é descrever e analisar as orações inseridas por nem e nem que no português brasileiro, de modo a levantar evidências morfossintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas que possam explicar o seu caráter multifuncional, e, principalmente, evidenciar a contribuição dos sentidos de nem para a formação da locução concessiva nem que. Defendemos a hipótese de que os usos desses conectores são favorecidos pelo seu valor escalar, visto que operam numa escala de importância argumentativa que vai do argumento menos importante para o mais importante ou relevante em termos pragmático-discursivos. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que as construções concessivas prefaciadas por nem e nem que manifestam múltiplos sentidos em termos de escalaridade argumentativa e, por isso, não podem ser consideradas equivalentes às construções prototípicas introduzidas pelo conector concessivo embora.
The present study is based on the theoretical assumptions of the functional approach to language and on the theoretical perspective of functional-discursive grammar (GDF), by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), and proposes to study the concessive uses of neither and nor that in Brazilian Portuguese, in its various contexts of use, both in speech and in writing, in the 19th and 20th centuries. For the survey of occurrences, we used the Corpus of Portuguese (DAVIS; FERREIRA, 2006). The present investigation was based on studies on concessions in other languages, linked to a functionalist approach to the subject, such as König (1985, 1994), who analyzes data in English; Olbertz, Garcia and Parra (2016) and Parra (2016, 2020), which analyzes data from Spanish and Garcia (2010) and Fontes (2016), who analyzes data from Portuguese. The general objective of the research is to describe and analyze the clauses inserted by neither and nor that in Brazilian Portuguese, in order to raise morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic evidence that can explain its multifunctional character, and, mainly, evidence the contribution of the meanings of neither for the formation of the concessive phrase nor that. We defend the hypothesis that the uses of these connectors are favored by their scalar value, as they operate on a scale of argumentative importance that goes from the least important argument to the most important or relevant in pragmaticdiscursive terms. The research results show that the concessive constructions prefaced by neither and nor that manifest multiple meanings, in terms of argumentative scalarity, therefore cannot be considered as equivalent to the prototypical constructions introduced by the concessive connector although. Keywords: Functionalism. Functional-discursive grammar. Concession. Uses of the nor and nor that
The present study is based on the theoretical assumptions of the functional approach to language and on the theoretical perspective of functional-discursive grammar (GDF), by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), and proposes to study the concessive uses of neither and nor that in Brazilian Portuguese, in its various contexts of use, both in speech and in writing, in the 19th and 20th centuries. For the survey of occurrences, we used the Corpus of Portuguese (DAVIS; FERREIRA, 2006). The present investigation was based on studies on concessions in other languages, linked to a functionalist approach to the subject, such as König (1985, 1994), who analyzes data in English; Olbertz, Garcia and Parra (2016) and Parra (2016, 2020), which analyzes data from Spanish and Garcia (2010) and Fontes (2016), who analyzes data from Portuguese. The general objective of the research is to describe and analyze the clauses inserted by neither and nor that in Brazilian Portuguese, in order to raise morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic evidence that can explain its multifunctional character, and, mainly, evidence the contribution of the meanings of neither for the formation of the concessive phrase nor that. We defend the hypothesis that the uses of these connectors are favored by their scalar value, as they operate on a scale of argumentative importance that goes from the least important argument to the most important or relevant in pragmaticdiscursive terms. The research results show that the concessive constructions prefaced by neither and nor that manifest multiple meanings, in terms of argumentative scalarity, therefore cannot be considered as equivalent to the prototypical constructions introduced by the concessive connector although. Keywords: Functionalism. Functional-discursive grammar. Concession. Uses of the nor and nor that
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Palavras-chave
Funcionalismo, Gramática discursivo-funcional, Concessão, Functionalism, Functional-discursive grammar, Concession