Características de uso, qualidade de vida e satisfação com a tecnologia assistiva: um estudo com usuários de dispositivos de mobilidade
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Data
2023-02-28
Autores
Garcez, Letícia Vasconcelos Morais
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diversos são os fatores que influenciam na satisfação e na qualidade de vida dos usuários de dispositivos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA). Ao nos referirmos aos Dispositivos de Mobilidade (DM) - bengalas, muletas, andadores, cadeiras de rodas, notam-se lacunas de investigação no campo do design a serem exploradas, como a dificuldade de uso, conforto e a falta de afinidade com a TA. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a satisfação com DM, compreendendo as consequências na qualidade de vida (QV), de acordo com a perspectiva do usuário no uso do equipamento para realização de suas AVDs. O estudo se caracteriza como transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foram entrevistados 80 usuários de DM (pacientes atendidos em uma clínica escola e, por terapeutas ocupacionais e fisioterapeutas). Utilizou-se três instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionário de caracterização de uso e avaliação da perspectiva sobre o dispositivo (elaborado pelo autor); questionário de avaliação da satisfação com a Tecnologia Assistiva (QUEST 2.0) e de qualidade de vida (WHOQoL). Diante dos resultados, constatou-se que usuários de bengala apresentam melhores níveis de QV e de satisfação com DM, enquanto os usuários de andador apresentam menores índices de QV e de satisfação com o dispositivo. Mais da metade da amostra está “Bastante satisfeito” com o DM, entretanto aspectos como “Estabilidade e segurança”, “Peso” e “Conforto” foram associados à insatisfação, o que sugere problemas ergonômicos do design dos dispositivos. Além disso, foram encontrados altos índices de insatisfação com os “Serviços de acompanhamento” e “Assistência Técnica”. Os participantes, apresentaram boa QV, entretanto, os domínios “Ambiente” e “Físico” têm médias mais baixas. As análises de correlação revelaram que algumas variáveis estabelecem interferência com maior intensidade sobre as outras, conforme o tipo de DM. Foi encontrada correlação positiva forte significativa para andador, entre frequência de uso e o domínio Físico de QV (rs=0,70, p=0,049), e para bengala, entre eficácia e satisfação média total (rs=0,70, p=0,027), ou seja, a perspectiva do usuário interfere na satisfação com a tecnologia ou na qualidade de vida, mostrando a importância de se ter equilíbrio entre as funções práticas, simbólicas e estéticas. Os participantes ainda apresentaram problemáticas com a “Falta de acessibilidade” e dificuldade ao realizarem AVDs, sendo que muitos utilizam adaptações e estratégias associadas ao uso do dispositivo, buscando melhorar sua independência funcional. O estudo contribui com diretrizes para correções nos DM, novos designs de TA e, para o processo de projeto, que refletem na satisfação. Além de ressaltar a relevância do acompanhamento de profissionais na rotina de uso do equipamento, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos usuários.
Several factors influence the satisfaction and quality of life of users of Assistive Technology (AT) devices. When referring to Mobility Devices (DM) - canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs - research gaps in the design field are noted, such as difficulties in use, comfort, and lack of affinity with AT. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction with MD, understanding the consequences on quality of life (QoL) from the user's perspective in the use of the equipment to perform their ADLs. The study is characterized as descriptive cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. Eighty DM users were interviewed (patients treated at a school clinic and occupational therapists and physiotherapists). Three instruments were used for data collection: a characterization questionnaire for use and evaluation of the perspective on the device (developed by the author), the QUEST 2.0 questionnaire for AT satisfaction evaluation, and the WHOQoL questionnaire for Quality of life assessment. The results showed that cane users have better levels of QoL and satisfaction with MD, while walker users have lower levels of QoL and satisfaction with the device. More than half of the sample is "quite satisfied" with the MD, however, aspects such as "stability and safety", "weight", and "comfort" were associated with dissatisfaction, suggesting ergonomic problems in the design of devices. In addition, high levels of dissatisfaction were found with "follow-up services" and "technical assistance". The participants presented good QoL, however, the "Environment" and "Physical" domains had lower averages. Correlation analyses revealed that some variables interfere more intensively with others, depending on the type of MD. There is a significant strong positive correlation for walker users between frequency of use and the Physical domain of QoL (rs=0.70, p=0.049), and for cane users between effectiveness and total average satisfaction (rs=0.70, p=0.027), indicating that the user's perspective affects satisfaction with technology or quality of life, demonstrating the importance of balancing practical, symbolic, and aesthetic functions. Participants also presented problems with "lack of accessibility" and difficulty performing ADLs, with many using adaptations and strategies associated with the use of the device to improve their functional independence. The study contributes to guidelines for correcting MD, new designs for AT, and the design process, which reflect in satisfaction. It also highlights the relevance of professional support in the routine use of equipment, improving users' quality of life.
Several factors influence the satisfaction and quality of life of users of Assistive Technology (AT) devices. When referring to Mobility Devices (DM) - canes, crutches, walkers, wheelchairs - research gaps in the design field are noted, such as difficulties in use, comfort, and lack of affinity with AT. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction with MD, understanding the consequences on quality of life (QoL) from the user's perspective in the use of the equipment to perform their ADLs. The study is characterized as descriptive cross-sectional with a quantitative approach. Eighty DM users were interviewed (patients treated at a school clinic and occupational therapists and physiotherapists). Three instruments were used for data collection: a characterization questionnaire for use and evaluation of the perspective on the device (developed by the author), the QUEST 2.0 questionnaire for AT satisfaction evaluation, and the WHOQoL questionnaire for Quality of life assessment. The results showed that cane users have better levels of QoL and satisfaction with MD, while walker users have lower levels of QoL and satisfaction with the device. More than half of the sample is "quite satisfied" with the MD, however, aspects such as "stability and safety", "weight", and "comfort" were associated with dissatisfaction, suggesting ergonomic problems in the design of devices. In addition, high levels of dissatisfaction were found with "follow-up services" and "technical assistance". The participants presented good QoL, however, the "Environment" and "Physical" domains had lower averages. Correlation analyses revealed that some variables interfere more intensively with others, depending on the type of MD. There is a significant strong positive correlation for walker users between frequency of use and the Physical domain of QoL (rs=0.70, p=0.049), and for cane users between effectiveness and total average satisfaction (rs=0.70, p=0.027), indicating that the user's perspective affects satisfaction with technology or quality of life, demonstrating the importance of balancing practical, symbolic, and aesthetic functions. Participants also presented problems with "lack of accessibility" and difficulty performing ADLs, with many using adaptations and strategies associated with the use of the device to improve their functional independence. The study contributes to guidelines for correcting MD, new designs for AT, and the design process, which reflect in satisfaction. It also highlights the relevance of professional support in the routine use of equipment, improving users' quality of life.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tecnologia Assistiva, Mobilidade, Satisfação do Usuário, Abandono, Qualidade de Vida, Assistive technology, Mobility, User satisfaction, Abandonment, Quality of life