Identificação de Uakari-careca (Cacajao calvus ssp.) e levantamento de Leishmania spp. e Trypanosoma cruzi de espécimes em semiliberdade, Iquitos, Peru
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Data
2023-03-31
Autores
Nogueira, Pedro Paulo de Oliveira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido aos seus hábitos arbóreos e alimentação folivorosa-fruvorosa, primatas não humanos são altamente vulneráveis à destruição, fragmentação e degradação de seu habitat. Tais mudanças podem ser responsáveis pelo aparecimento de zoonoses infecciosas com resultados desfavoráveis à saúde humano-animal e ao meio ambiente. Os Uakaris-careca são endêmicos da região ocidental amazônica sendo divididos em quatro subespécies: C. calvus calvus, C. c. rubicundus, C. c. ucayalii e C. c. novaesi. Atualmente, o diagnótico de subespécie das populações selvagens é feito com a observação do padrão de coloração de pelagem dos espécimes. O Uakari-vermelho-peruano (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) está presente na fauna brasileira e peruana e é classificado como Vulnerável pela IUCN. Estudos demonstraram que suas áreas de habitat se encontram entre as regiões em risco de desmatamento para o plantio de dendê, a curto e longo prazo. Este projeto teve como objetivo realizar a identificação a nível taxonômico de subespécie os espécimes de Cacajao calvus ssp., e investigar o papel dos uakaris no ciclo de Leishmania spp. e T. cruzi. O estudo foi realizado empregando DNA extraído a partir de amostras de sangue obtidas de 7 animais vítimas de tráfico e que se encontram no Centro de Resgate “Pilpintuwasi”, Iquitos, Peru. Reações em cadeia da Polimerase (PCRs) empregando primers, tanto para a constatação da presença dos patógenos estudados bem como para a identificação a nível taxonômico de subespécie foram realizadas. Os produtos de PCR obtidos foram então purificados e sequenciados por meio das técnicas de Sanger e Nanoporos. Os resultados demonstraram diagnóstico negativo para a presença dos agentes causadores de leishmanioses e doença de Chagas. O conjunto de primers desenhado demonstrou-se eficiente em distinguir indivíduos das subespécies C. c. ucayalii e C. c. novaesi. Estudos como esses são primordiais para a correta identificação de indivíduos voltados para reprodução ex situ, permitindo o desenvolvimento de projetos que viabilizem ações palpáveis para a conservação desses primatas.
Due to their arboreal habits and folivorous-fruitful feeding, non-human primates are highly vulnerable to the destruction, fragmentation and degradation of their habitat. Such changes may be responsible for the appearance of infectious zoonosis with unfavorable results to human-animal health and the environment. The Bald-uakaris are endemic to the western Amazon region and are divided into four subspecies: C. calvus calvus, C. c. rubicundus, C. c. ucayalii and C. c. novaesi. Currently, the subspecies diagnosis of wild populations is done with the observation of the coat coloration pattern of specimens. Peruvian-red-uakari (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) is present in Brazilian and Peruvian fauna and is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Studies have shown that their habitat areas are among the regions at risk of deforestation for palm oil plantation in the short and long term. This project aims to perform the identification at the taxonomic level of subspecies of specimens of Cacajao calvus ssp., and investigate the role of uakaris in the Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi cycle. The study was carried out using DNA extracted from blood samples obtained from 7 animals that were victims of trafficking and which are at "Pilpintuwasi" Rescue Center, Iquitos, Peru. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) using specific primers, both for the verification of the presence of the pathogens studied as well as the identification at the taxonomic level of subspecies were performed. The PCR products obtained were then purified and sequenced using Sanger and Nanopore techniques. The results showed a negative diagnosis for the presence of agents causing leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The set of primers designed was efficient in distinguishing individuals of the subspecies C. c. ucayalii and C. c. novaesi. Studies such as these are paramount for the correct identification of individuals focused on ex situ reproduction, allowing the development of projects that enable tangible actions for the conservation of these primates.
Due to their arboreal habits and folivorous-fruitful feeding, non-human primates are highly vulnerable to the destruction, fragmentation and degradation of their habitat. Such changes may be responsible for the appearance of infectious zoonosis with unfavorable results to human-animal health and the environment. The Bald-uakaris are endemic to the western Amazon region and are divided into four subspecies: C. calvus calvus, C. c. rubicundus, C. c. ucayalii and C. c. novaesi. Currently, the subspecies diagnosis of wild populations is done with the observation of the coat coloration pattern of specimens. Peruvian-red-uakari (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) is present in Brazilian and Peruvian fauna and is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Studies have shown that their habitat areas are among the regions at risk of deforestation for palm oil plantation in the short and long term. This project aims to perform the identification at the taxonomic level of subspecies of specimens of Cacajao calvus ssp., and investigate the role of uakaris in the Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi cycle. The study was carried out using DNA extracted from blood samples obtained from 7 animals that were victims of trafficking and which are at "Pilpintuwasi" Rescue Center, Iquitos, Peru. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) using specific primers, both for the verification of the presence of the pathogens studied as well as the identification at the taxonomic level of subspecies were performed. The PCR products obtained were then purified and sequenced using Sanger and Nanopore techniques. The results showed a negative diagnosis for the presence of agents causing leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. The set of primers designed was efficient in distinguishing individuals of the subspecies C. c. ucayalii and C. c. novaesi. Studies such as these are paramount for the correct identification of individuals focused on ex situ reproduction, allowing the development of projects that enable tangible actions for the conservation of these primates.
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Palavras-chave
Uakari-vermelho-peruano, Identificação, Leishmaniose, Chagas, Doença de, Macacos