Ensino de Física com experimentação numa abordagem investigativa
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Data
2023-02-13
Autores
Nascimento, Ana Paula do
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos dias atuais, aulas tradicionais onde o professor transmite o conhecimento de
maneira expositiva, sem a interação dos alunos, necessitam ser repensadas. São
necessárias abordagens mais construtivistas ao planejar uma aula. Desta forma, o
professor em sala de aula tem que superar muitos desafios quando se trata de
ensinar Física. Deve proporcionar aos alunos mais autonomia para elaborar a
construção do seu conhecimento, incentivá-los a expor suas ideias sobre o
conteúdo, estabelecer correlações com situações do cotidiano e, o mais
preocupante, gerar interesse na turma para aprender. Dentro destas perspectivas,
propor um plano de aula expositivo e dialogado com atividade experimental
investigativa pode ser uma solução para superar estes desafios. Este plano
compreende cinco momentos: inspiração, problematização, reflexão, transpiração
e síntese. O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar os fundamentos de um
planejamento de aula com a metodologia expositiva e dialogada incluindo uma
atividade experimental investigativa. Estes fundamentos foram identificados dentro
da estruturação dos pré-teste e pós-teste. A atividade experimental investigativa
aplicada em sala de aula na Escola Estadual Azarias Leite é sobre o Princípio da
Conservação da Quantidade de Movimento, através da construção artesanal de um
Pêndulo de Newton utilizando materiais de baixo custo e fácil acesso. Os resultados
obtidos foram satisfatórios, pois os alunos conseguiram montar artesanalmente o
pêndulo de Newton, e as habilidades superadas no sentido de que conseguiram ir
além de somente analisar e representar fenômenos que envolvam a quantidade de
movimento. Este fato também ficou evidenciado na síntese do Grupo A. Porém uma
questão muito importante a ser considerada, e que há muito tempo é debatida entre
os pesquisadores, é o que diz respeito à relação teoria e prática.
Nowadays, traditional classes where the teacher transmits knowledge in an expositive way, without the interaction of the students, need to be rethought. More constructivist approaches are needed when planning a lesson. In this way, the teacher in the classroom has to overcome many challenges when it comes to teaching Physics. It should provide students with more autonomy to construct their knowledge, encourage them to expose their ideas about the content, establish correlations with everyday situations and, most worryingly, generate interest in the class to learn. Within these perspectives, proposing an expository and dialogic lesson plan with investigative experimental activity can be a solution to overcome these challenges. This plan comprises five moments: inspiration, problematization, reflection, perspiration and synthesis. The general objective of this study is to identify the fundamentals of a lesson planning with the expositive and dialogic methodology including an investigative experimental activity. These fundamentals were identified within the structure of the pre-test and post-test. The investigative experimental activity applied in the classroom at the Azarias Leite State School is about the Principle of Conservation of Momentum of Movement, through the handmade construction of a Newton's Pendulum using low cost and easily accessible materials. The results obtained were satisfactory, as the students were able to assemble Newton's pendulum by hand, and the skills were overcome in the sense that they were able to go beyond just analyzing and representing phenomena involving the amount of movement. This fact was also evidenced in the synthesis of Group A. However, a very important question to be considered, and which has been debated among researchers for a long time, is what concerns the relationship between theory and practice.
Nowadays, traditional classes where the teacher transmits knowledge in an expositive way, without the interaction of the students, need to be rethought. More constructivist approaches are needed when planning a lesson. In this way, the teacher in the classroom has to overcome many challenges when it comes to teaching Physics. It should provide students with more autonomy to construct their knowledge, encourage them to expose their ideas about the content, establish correlations with everyday situations and, most worryingly, generate interest in the class to learn. Within these perspectives, proposing an expository and dialogic lesson plan with investigative experimental activity can be a solution to overcome these challenges. This plan comprises five moments: inspiration, problematization, reflection, perspiration and synthesis. The general objective of this study is to identify the fundamentals of a lesson planning with the expositive and dialogic methodology including an investigative experimental activity. These fundamentals were identified within the structure of the pre-test and post-test. The investigative experimental activity applied in the classroom at the Azarias Leite State School is about the Principle of Conservation of Momentum of Movement, through the handmade construction of a Newton's Pendulum using low cost and easily accessible materials. The results obtained were satisfactory, as the students were able to assemble Newton's pendulum by hand, and the skills were overcome in the sense that they were able to go beyond just analyzing and representing phenomena involving the amount of movement. This fact was also evidenced in the synthesis of Group A. However, a very important question to be considered, and which has been debated among researchers for a long time, is what concerns the relationship between theory and practice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plano de aula, Investigação, Conservação da quantidade de movimento, Class plan, Investigation, Conservation of momentum