Quedas em idosos: fatores de risco, preditores de queda e a atividade física como prevenção
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Data
2020
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente vem ocorrendo um aumento na população idosa no mundo. A porcentagem atual da população idosa brasileira é de 9,36% da população total e estima-se que em 2040 aumentará para 17,41% e em 2060 chegará em 25,49%. Com o aumento desse grupo, devemos nos preocupar com o número de quedas que os mesmos sofrem diariamente. Portanto, esse trabalho é uma revisão bibliográfica, no qual levantamos os motivos que levam os idosos a caírem; analisamos os testes preditores de queda e a atividade física como prevenção. As buscas por artigos foram realizadas nas plataformas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed. As palavras pesquisadas foram: quedas, idosos, preditores de queda, risco de queda e atividade física. Através da verificação de alguns trabalhos, pôde-se observar que os principais fatores de risco para queda são os fatores extrínsecos e entre eles estão pisos/calçadas esburacadas ou com desnível, pisos molhados e escorregadios, presença de degraus ou desníveis, escada sem corrimão e presença de tapetes. Os preditores de quedas mais presentes foram o Teste Levantar e Andar (TUGT - Timed Up and Go Test), a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (BBS) e o questionário Fall Risk Score. A prática regular de exercício físico se mostra uma intervenção eficaz para a prevenção de quedas.
Currently, there is an increase in the elderly population in the world. The current percentage of the Brazilian elderly population is 9.36% of the total population and it is estimated that in 2040 it will increase to 17.41% and in 2060 it will reach 25.49%. With the increase of this group, we must be concerned with the number of falls that they suffer daily. Therefore, this work is a bibliographic review, it will not qualify the reasons that lead the elderly to fall; let us analyze the predictive tests for falls and physical activity as prevention. Searches for articles were performed on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed platforms. The words searched were: falls, the elderly, predictors of falls, risk of falls and physical activity. Through the verification of some works, it was observed that the main risk factors for falling are extrinsic factors and among them are bumpy or uneven floors / sidewalks, wet and slippery floors, presence of steps or unevenness, stairs without handrails and presence of carpets. The most common predictors of falls were the Standing and Walking Test (TUGT - Timed Up and Go Test), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Fall Risk Score questionnaire. Regular physical exercise is an effective intervention to prevent falls.
Currently, there is an increase in the elderly population in the world. The current percentage of the Brazilian elderly population is 9.36% of the total population and it is estimated that in 2040 it will increase to 17.41% and in 2060 it will reach 25.49%. With the increase of this group, we must be concerned with the number of falls that they suffer daily. Therefore, this work is a bibliographic review, it will not qualify the reasons that lead the elderly to fall; let us analyze the predictive tests for falls and physical activity as prevention. Searches for articles were performed on the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and PubMed platforms. The words searched were: falls, the elderly, predictors of falls, risk of falls and physical activity. Through the verification of some works, it was observed that the main risk factors for falling are extrinsic factors and among them are bumpy or uneven floors / sidewalks, wet and slippery floors, presence of steps or unevenness, stairs without handrails and presence of carpets. The most common predictors of falls were the Standing and Walking Test (TUGT - Timed Up and Go Test), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Fall Risk Score questionnaire. Regular physical exercise is an effective intervention to prevent falls.
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Idosos, Quedas, Fatores de risco, Elderly, Falls, Risk factors