Efeitos do exercício físico sobre o tecido adiposo marrom
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Data
2020
Autores
Perassoli, Murilo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A obesidade é um problema mundial que vem crescendo em níveis alarmantes. As principais causas dessa doença são ingestão calórica acima do necessário para a homeostase, alimentação com densidade calórica muito alta e pouco fator nutricional e também o sedentarismo, ou seja, a falta de atividade física. Essa doença vem sendo associada a uma inflamação crônica de baixo grau que por sua vez, pode influenciar o desenvolvimento de outras comorbidades como: resistência à insulina,
diabetes mellitus tipo II, hipertensão, doenças coronárias e até mesmo a síndrome metabólica. As complicações decorrentes da obesidade parecem ser evitáveis uma vez que, a prática regular de atividade física por si só já possui capacidade de amenizá-las, principalmente ao que se remete a uma mudança do quadro inflamatório, mais especificamente promovendo um perfil anti-inflamatório. Nesse contexto, mesmo o exercício agudo vem sendo demonstrado ter efeitos anti inflamatórios. Além disso, se a atividade física estiver aliada a uma alimentação balanceada, a consequente perda de gordura também se mostra responsável por esse efeito anti-inflamatório. Paralelamente, uma alternativa bastante estudada atualmente é o papel do tecido adiposo marrom no controle da obesidade, uma vez que fora descoberta a presença significativa desse tecido em adultos. Esse tecido possui a capacidade de oxidar a gordura para geração de calor, criando assim um ciclo que colabora com a redução do peso corporal, além de melhorar o quadro inflamatório. Dessa forma essa revisão de literatura buscou abordar os estudos que correlacionam o tecido adiposo marrom aos benefícios do exercício físico no contexto da obesidade.
Obesity is a global problem that has been growing at alarming levels. The main causes of this disease are caloric intake above what is necessary for homeotase, feeding with very high caloric density and little nutritional factor and also sedentary lifestyle, that is, lack of physical activity. This disease has been associated with low grade chronic inflammation, which in turn can influence the development of other comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary diseases and even metabolic syndrome. Complications resulting from obesity seem to be preventable since the regular practice of physical activity alone already has the ability to mitigate them, especially to what refers to a change in the inflammatory condition, more specifically promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. In this context, even acute exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, if physical activity is combined with a balanced diet, the consequent fat loss is also responsible for this anti-inflammatory effect. In parallel, a widely studied alternative today is the role of brown adipose tissue in the control of obesity, since the significant presence of this tissue in adults has been discovered. This tissue has the ability to oxidize fat to generate heat, thus generating a futile cycle that contributes to the reduction of body weight, in addition to improving the inflammatory picture. Thus, this literature review sought to address studies that correlate brown adipose tissue with the benefits of physical exercise in the context of obesity.
Obesity is a global problem that has been growing at alarming levels. The main causes of this disease are caloric intake above what is necessary for homeotase, feeding with very high caloric density and little nutritional factor and also sedentary lifestyle, that is, lack of physical activity. This disease has been associated with low grade chronic inflammation, which in turn can influence the development of other comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary diseases and even metabolic syndrome. Complications resulting from obesity seem to be preventable since the regular practice of physical activity alone already has the ability to mitigate them, especially to what refers to a change in the inflammatory condition, more specifically promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. In this context, even acute exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, if physical activity is combined with a balanced diet, the consequent fat loss is also responsible for this anti-inflammatory effect. In parallel, a widely studied alternative today is the role of brown adipose tissue in the control of obesity, since the significant presence of this tissue in adults has been discovered. This tissue has the ability to oxidize fat to generate heat, thus generating a futile cycle that contributes to the reduction of body weight, in addition to improving the inflammatory picture. Thus, this literature review sought to address studies that correlate brown adipose tissue with the benefits of physical exercise in the context of obesity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Obesidade, Inflamação, Tecido adiposo marrom, Obesity, Inflammation, Brown adipose tissue