Estoques e frações de carbono orgânico em Latossolo Amarelo submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo
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Data
2013-03-01
Autores
Campos, Liliane Pereira [UNESP]
Leite, Luiz Fernando Carvalho
Maciel, Giovana Alcântara
Brasil, Elisvânia Lima
Iwata, Bruna de Freitas
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Editor
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre os estoques e as frações de carbono orgânico de um Latossolo Amarelo, no cerrado do Piauí. Foram avaliados os sistemas: plantio convencional por três anos; plantio direto por três e cinco anos, com uso de milheto como cultivo de cobertura; e plantio direto por nove anos, dos quais sete com uso de milheto e dois com forrageira (Urochloa brizantha). Utilizou-se área de cerrado nativo como referência. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, das camadas de 0,00-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m, para determinação de: estoques e totais de carbono orgânico e nitrogênio; teores de substâncias húmicas; e índice de humificação. Na camada de 0,00-0,05 m, em ambos os períodos, foram observados os maiores teores de carbono no solo sob cerrado. No entanto, nos dois períodos e nas quatro profundidades, verificaram-se os maiores estoques de carbono e nitrogênio bem como os maiores teores de substâncias húmicas nos solos sob plantio direto por cinco e nove anos. Os maiores índices de humificação também foram observados nesses solos, no período seco. O plantio direto, associado ao uso de cultivos de cobertura, diminui a mineralização da matéria orgânica do solo, estoca carbono no solo em profundidade e favorece o sequestro de carbono em áreas do cerrado do Piauí.
The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil management systems on the stocks and fractions of organic carbon of an Oxisol (Xantic Ferralsol), in the cerrado of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The following systems were evaluated: a three‑year‑old conventional tillage; a three‑ and a five‑year‑old no‑tillage system, using millet as cover crop; and a nine‑year‑old no‑tillage, using millet as cover crop for seven and forage (Urochloa brizantha) for two years. A native cerrado area was used as a reference. Soil samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons from 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m depths for determining: total organic carbon and nitrogen contents and stocks; humic substances content; and humification index. The highest carbon contents were observed in the soil under cerrado, at 0.00-0.05 m depth, in both seasons. However, the highest stocks of carbon and nitrogen as well as the highest contents of humic substances were verified in the soil with no‑tillage system for five and nine years, in both seasons, at all evaluated depths. The highest humification index was also observed in these soils, in the dry season. No‑tillage associated with cover crops decreases soil organic matter mineralization, increases soil carbon stocks in depth, and favors carbon sequestration in cerrado areas of Piauí state.
The objective of this work was to determine the effects of soil management systems on the stocks and fractions of organic carbon of an Oxisol (Xantic Ferralsol), in the cerrado of the state of Piauí, Brazil. The following systems were evaluated: a three‑year‑old conventional tillage; a three‑ and a five‑year‑old no‑tillage system, using millet as cover crop; and a nine‑year‑old no‑tillage, using millet as cover crop for seven and forage (Urochloa brizantha) for two years. A native cerrado area was used as a reference. Soil samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons from 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20, and 0.20-0.40 m depths for determining: total organic carbon and nitrogen contents and stocks; humic substances content; and humification index. The highest carbon contents were observed in the soil under cerrado, at 0.00-0.05 m depth, in both seasons. However, the highest stocks of carbon and nitrogen as well as the highest contents of humic substances were verified in the soil with no‑tillage system for five and nine years, in both seasons, at all evaluated depths. The highest humification index was also observed in these soils, in the dry season. No‑tillage associated with cover crops decreases soil organic matter mineralization, increases soil carbon stocks in depth, and favors carbon sequestration in cerrado areas of Piauí state.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
plantio direto, rotação de culturas, sequestro de carbono, substâncias húmicas, no‑tillage, crop rotation, carbon sequestration, humic substances
Como citar
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Informação TecnológicaPesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 48, n. 3, p. 304-312, 2013.