Caracterização morfo-anatômica da folha e do caule de Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf e B. humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. (Poaceae)
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Data
2002-06-01
Autores
BRITO, CLÁUDIO J.F.A.
RODELLA, ROBERTO A. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo
Resumo
Neste trabalho, caracterizou-se a morfo-anatomia do caule e da folha de Brachiaria brizantha e B. humidicola, em três estratos, objetivando diferenciar tais estratos e espécies, bem como justificar, com estes parâmetros, a diferença de consumo que ocorre nessas espécies com o envelhecimento da planta. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos plásticos com areia esterilizada e recebendo solução nutritiva. Aos 70 dias após o corte de uniformização, cada planta foi dividida em três partes (estratos), coletando-se a folha mediana de cada estrato, separando-a em limbo e bainha foliar, e também o entrenó recoberto pela referida bainha. Para o estudo morfológico, foram mensurados a altura total das plantas, número total de folhas, nós e perfilhos, comprimento e largura da lâmina e da bainha foliar, comprimento e diâmetro do entrenó. Para a caracterização anatômica, as amostras foram fixadas em FAA, emblocadas em GMA, seccionadas em micrótomo e coradas com fucsina básica e azul de Astra. Os estudos morfo-anatômicos indicaram parâmetros que podem interferir na digestibilidade de seus tecidos. Verificou-se que as espécies apresentaram diferenças quanto aos aspectos morfológicos, destacando em B. humidicola menores valores de comprimento e largura do limbo, o que pode dificultar a seleção das folhas inferiores, interferindo no consumo dessa forrageira. Constatou-se, também, que o caule foi a fração que mais variou entre as espécies, apresentando B. brizantha diâmetro do entrenó maior e parede do colmo mais espessa, o que, além de tornar o caule mais resistente à apreensão, sugere maior número de feixes vasculares e, conseqüentemente, porcentagem de tecidos lignificados. Observaram-se estruturas secretoras na base dos tricomas da bainha foliar de B. brizantha, sugerindo cavidades secretoras, bastante raras na família Poaceae, não havendo estudos de sua interferência no consumo e digestibilidade.
The morpho-anatomy of the leaf and stem of B. brizantha and B. humidicola were studied at three plant stratums. The difference among the species and the different stratums were investigated in order to justify the different intensities of consumption that occurs with plant aging. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and on plants cultivated in plastic vessels with sterilized sand, receiving nutritive mineral solution. After 70 days, the median leaf of each stratum was collected and divided into limbo and leaf sheath. The same was done to the stem. For the morphological study the total plant height, number of leaves, nodes and sprouts, length and width of blades and sheaths and length and diameter of internodes were measured. For purposes of anatomical characterization the samples were fixed in FAA, embedded in GMA, sectioned in microtome e stained with basic fucsin and Astra blue. The morpho-anatomical studies indicated some parameters that can interfere on tissue digestibility. The species presented different morphology, with shorter and narrower limbo measurements, thereby may affect the accessibility to lower leaves and interfering on the forage consumption. The stem was the fraction with the most variation between species, and showing in B. brizantha a larger stem diameter and thicker culm wall, which make the stem more resistant to apprehension, suggesting a larger number of vascular bundles and, consequently, a high percentage of lignified tissues. Secretory structures were identified below the trichome base cells in the leaf sheaths of B. brizantha, probably as secretory cavities, quite rare in Poaceae and there are no studies about its interference on digestibility and consumption.
The morpho-anatomy of the leaf and stem of B. brizantha and B. humidicola were studied at three plant stratums. The difference among the species and the different stratums were investigated in order to justify the different intensities of consumption that occurs with plant aging. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and on plants cultivated in plastic vessels with sterilized sand, receiving nutritive mineral solution. After 70 days, the median leaf of each stratum was collected and divided into limbo and leaf sheath. The same was done to the stem. For the morphological study the total plant height, number of leaves, nodes and sprouts, length and width of blades and sheaths and length and diameter of internodes were measured. For purposes of anatomical characterization the samples were fixed in FAA, embedded in GMA, sectioned in microtome e stained with basic fucsin and Astra blue. The morpho-anatomical studies indicated some parameters that can interfere on tissue digestibility. The species presented different morphology, with shorter and narrower limbo measurements, thereby may affect the accessibility to lower leaves and interfering on the forage consumption. The stem was the fraction with the most variation between species, and showing in B. brizantha a larger stem diameter and thicker culm wall, which make the stem more resistant to apprehension, suggesting a larger number of vascular bundles and, consequently, a high percentage of lignified tissues. Secretory structures were identified below the trichome base cells in the leaf sheaths of B. brizantha, probably as secretory cavities, quite rare in Poaceae and there are no studies about its interference on digestibility and consumption.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
anatomy, Brachiaria, grasses, forages, morphology
Como citar
Brazilian Journal of Botany. Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo, v. 25, n. 2, p. 221-228, 2002.