Produção antecipada de mudas de videira Rubi (Vitis vinifera) através de enxertia verde
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Data
2004-08-01
Autores
Roberto, Sérgio Ruffo
Pereira, Fernando Mendes [UNESP]
Neves, Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro
Jubileu, Bruno da Silva
Azevedo, Mateus Carvalho Basílio de
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a viabilidade da produção de mudas de videira Rubi (Vitis vinifera) através de enxertia verde nos porta-enxertos Campinas (IAC 766) e Jales (IAC 572) propagados por estaquia herbácea. O preparo das estacas livre de vírus dos porta-enxertos consistiu em deixar apenas uma folha na parte superior da estaca e um nó na base, ficando as mesmas com 20cm de comprimento e 0,5cm de diâmetro. Para o enraizamento, as estacas foram então dispostas em caixas plásticas perfuradas contendo o substrato casca de arroz carbonizada em câmara de nebulização. Após quatro semanas, os porta-enxertos foram transplantados para sacos de polietileno com substrato a base de terra e mantidos em casa de vegetação. Avaliou-se a enxertia da videira Rubi livre de vírus realizada em três épocas após o transplantio dos porta-enxertos (30, 60 e 90 dias). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por 10 mudas, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3. Aos 80 dias após cada época de enxertia, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: porcentagem de enxertos brotados, comprimento e diâmetro dos brotos, matérias seca e fresca das raízes por muda e quantificação do sistema radicular (área de raízes e comprimento total de raízes por estaca) através da análise de imagem no programa SIARCS®. Com base nos principais resultados, pôde-se concluir que: a) a obtenção antecipada de mudas de videira Rubi é possível realizando-se a enxertia verde em estacas herbáceas dos porta-enxertos Campinas e Jales 90 dias após o seu enraizamento e b) o emprego da enxertia verde sobre a produção antecipada de mudas de videira Rubi reduz em 5-6 meses o tempo necessário para a produção de mudas em casa de vegetação e c) mudas de videira Rubi produzidas por enxertia verde em estacas herbáceas dos porta-enxertos Campinas e Jales não apresentam diferenças quanto às características dos enxertos brotados e do seu sistema radicular.
The objetive of this research was to evaluate the feasibility to produce nursery trees of Rubi grapevine through green grafting on herbaceous cutting of two vine rootstocks ( Campinas - IAC 766 and Jales - IAC 572). Rootstocks cuttings were taken from a virus-free stock plant, and consisted of the leaves elimination of the basal portion, leaving just one leaf in the superior part of each one. Cuttings were prepared with a cut below the node in the basal portion and a cut in the internode in the superior portion, leaving each one with 20cm of length and 0.5cm of diameter. Cuttings were then placed in plastic boxes containing hull rice coal growth medium on mist chamber. After four weeks, the rooted rootstocks were transferred into plastic bags containing soil mix. The Rubi green grafting was performed in three different periods after the rootstocks transplantation (30, 60 and 90 days). A randomized design was used as statistical model with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each plot was composed by 10 trees. The treatments were compared 80 days after each grafting period through the following parameters: porcentage of shooting grafts, length and diameter of shooting grafts, fresh and dry weigth of roots and root quantification (root area and total root length) through image analysis using SIARCS® software. It was possible to conclude that: a) the production advance of Rubi young trees is possible performing the green grafting on Campinas and Jales rootstocks 90 days after their rooting, b) the green grafting technique reduces the time necessary to produce Rubi young trees by 5-6 months on greenhouse condition and c) nursery trees of Rubi grapevine produced through green grafting on herbaceous cuttings of Campinas and Jales rootstocks do not show differences in relation to the shooting grafts and the root system characteristics.
The objetive of this research was to evaluate the feasibility to produce nursery trees of Rubi grapevine through green grafting on herbaceous cutting of two vine rootstocks ( Campinas - IAC 766 and Jales - IAC 572). Rootstocks cuttings were taken from a virus-free stock plant, and consisted of the leaves elimination of the basal portion, leaving just one leaf in the superior part of each one. Cuttings were prepared with a cut below the node in the basal portion and a cut in the internode in the superior portion, leaving each one with 20cm of length and 0.5cm of diameter. Cuttings were then placed in plastic boxes containing hull rice coal growth medium on mist chamber. After four weeks, the rooted rootstocks were transferred into plastic bags containing soil mix. The Rubi green grafting was performed in three different periods after the rootstocks transplantation (30, 60 and 90 days). A randomized design was used as statistical model with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each plot was composed by 10 trees. The treatments were compared 80 days after each grafting period through the following parameters: porcentage of shooting grafts, length and diameter of shooting grafts, fresh and dry weigth of roots and root quantification (root area and total root length) through image analysis using SIARCS® software. It was possible to conclude that: a) the production advance of Rubi young trees is possible performing the green grafting on Campinas and Jales rootstocks 90 days after their rooting, b) the green grafting technique reduces the time necessary to produce Rubi young trees by 5-6 months on greenhouse condition and c) nursery trees of Rubi grapevine produced through green grafting on herbaceous cuttings of Campinas and Jales rootstocks do not show differences in relation to the shooting grafts and the root system characteristics.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vitis spp, propagação, enraizamento, Vitis spp, propagation, rooting
Como citar
Ciência Rural. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), v. 34, n. 4, p. 1059-1064, 2004.