Domínios do café: ferrovias, exportação e mercado interno em São Paulo (1888-1917)
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Data
2011-08-01
Autores
Tosi, Pedro Geraldo [UNESP]
Faleiros, Rogério Naques
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Economia
Resumo
Não obstante o peso decisivo das receitas geradas pelo café para os balanços financeiros das ferrovias paulistas entre 1888 e 1917, e a centralidade da atividade cafeeira na economia paulista de então, discute-se neste artigo a especialização relativa ao nível da produção verificada em São Paulo e a questão dos fretes das ferrovias neste cenário. Parte-se da ideia de que a cafeicultura, em seu desenvolvimento, demandava a diversificação de culturas agrícolas, pois as unidades básicas de produção - as fazendas de café - não se caracterizavam unicamente pela monocultura, sendo que os nexos entre uma produção voltada à exportação e outra voltada ao mercado interno davam-se nas relações de trabalho estabelecidas entre contratantes e contratados, e nas formas pelas quais os fazendeiros expropriavam aqueles que se subordinavam aos seus interesses. Verifica-se no caso estudado o aumento simultâneo das quantidades de café e de alimentos transportadas e transacionadas pela Cia. Mogiana nos marcos da periodização proposta; porém, percebe-se estreita dependência em relação à receita gerada pelo transporte de café. Aponta-se, ainda, a especialização absoluta ao nível do crédito e da circulação (transportes) que caracterizavam este complexo econômico.
Notwithstanding the decisive weight of values generated by coffee for the financial statements of the São Paulo's railroads between 1888 and 1917, and to the importance of the coffee in this economy, we argues in this article about the relative specialization in agriculturist production verified in São Paulo's lands and the question of the freights of the railroads in this conditions. Our idea is that coffee activity, in its development, demanded the diversification of agricultural cultures, therefore the basic units of production - the coffee farms - were not characterized solely by the cultivation of coffee, being that the nexuses between a production come back to the exportation and another come back to the internal market were given in the relations of work established between employers and employees, and in the forms by which the farmers expropriated its subordinate. The simultaneous increase of the amounts of coffee is verified in the studied case and of foods carried and done business for the Cia. Mogiana in landmarks of the period proposal; however, narrow dependence in relation to the values generated for the coffee transport is perceived. It is pointed, still, the absolute specialization to the level of the credit and the circulation (transports) that characterized this economic complex.
Notwithstanding the decisive weight of values generated by coffee for the financial statements of the São Paulo's railroads between 1888 and 1917, and to the importance of the coffee in this economy, we argues in this article about the relative specialization in agriculturist production verified in São Paulo's lands and the question of the freights of the railroads in this conditions. Our idea is that coffee activity, in its development, demanded the diversification of agricultural cultures, therefore the basic units of production - the coffee farms - were not characterized solely by the cultivation of coffee, being that the nexuses between a production come back to the exportation and another come back to the internal market were given in the relations of work established between employers and employees, and in the forms by which the farmers expropriated its subordinate. The simultaneous increase of the amounts of coffee is verified in the studied case and of foods carried and done business for the Cia. Mogiana in landmarks of the period proposal; however, narrow dependence in relation to the values generated for the coffee transport is perceived. It is pointed, still, the absolute specialization to the level of the credit and the circulation (transports) that characterized this economic complex.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cafeicultura, Ferrovias, CMEF, Produção de alimentos, São Paulo, Coffee economy, Railroads, CMEF, Food production, São Paulo
Como citar
Economia e Sociedade. Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, v. 20, n. 2, p. 417-442, 2011.