Estabilidade de agregados do solo após manejo com rotações de culturas e escarificação
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Data
2008-08-01
Autores
Calonego, Juliano Carlos [UNESP]
Rosolem, Ciro Antonio [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, em solo compactado, a estabilidade dos agregados influenciada pelo cultivo de espécies de cobertura em esquema de rotações de culturas, em sistema de semeadura direta, mediante o efeito da escarificação mecânica. As rotações de culturas repetidas por três anos consecutivos envolveram o cultivo de triticale e girassol, no outono-inverno, associados ao cultivo de milheto, de sorgo forrageiro e de Crotalária júncea como plantas de cobertura, antecedendo o da soja (cultura de verão). No tratamento envolvendo a escarificação mecânica, a área permaneceu em pousio entre os cultivos de outono-inverno e de verão. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (Botucatu-SP), nos anos agrícolas de 2003/2004, 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As amostras para a análise da estabilidade de agregados foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0 a 0,05 m e de 0,05 a 0,10 m após o manejo das plantas de cobertura em dezembro de 2003 e de 2005. Logo no primeiro ano de instalação do experimento, o cultivo de triticale resultou em maior porcentagem de agregados com mais de 2 mm, maior DMG e maior DMP na camada de 0 a 5 cm, além de maior DMP na camada de 0,05 a 0,10 m. Já a escarificação do solo e a ausência do cultivo de plantas de cobertura proporcionaram menor porcentagem de agregados maiores que 2 mm e menor DMP na camada de 0,05 a 0,10 m. A estabilidade dos agregados foi influenciada pela rotação de culturas, sendo maior na camada de 0 a 0,05 m e de 0,05 a 0,10 m quando o triticale foi introduzido como espécie de outono-inverno.
The objective of this study was to compare, in compacted soil condition, the aggregate stability after different crops rotations under no-tillage system and chiseling. The following crop rotations were repeated for three consecutive years under no-tillage: triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) as autumn-winter crops, together with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in spring, preceeding soybean (summer crop). In the chiseling treatment the area was kept bare between the autumn-winter and the summer crops. The study was carried out in three growing seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006), in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment had a complete randomized block design with split-plot and four replications. The samples for aggregate stability analysis were collected in the layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm after cover crop desiccation, in the first and third year of the experiment. In the first year of the experiment, triticale resulted in a higher percentage of aggregates larger than 2 mm, higher Mean Geometric Diameter and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of aggregates at the depth of 0-5 cm, and higher MWD at 5-10 cm. Chiseling and absence of cover crops reduced the percentage of aggregates larger than 2 mm and MWD values at 5-10 cm. Aggregate stability is influenced by crop rotation, and was highest in the layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm when triticale was used as autumn-winter species.
The objective of this study was to compare, in compacted soil condition, the aggregate stability after different crops rotations under no-tillage system and chiseling. The following crop rotations were repeated for three consecutive years under no-tillage: triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) as autumn-winter crops, together with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in spring, preceeding soybean (summer crop). In the chiseling treatment the area was kept bare between the autumn-winter and the summer crops. The study was carried out in three growing seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006), in Botucatu, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment had a complete randomized block design with split-plot and four replications. The samples for aggregate stability analysis were collected in the layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm after cover crop desiccation, in the first and third year of the experiment. In the first year of the experiment, triticale resulted in a higher percentage of aggregates larger than 2 mm, higher Mean Geometric Diameter and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of aggregates at the depth of 0-5 cm, and higher MWD at 5-10 cm. Chiseling and absence of cover crops reduced the percentage of aggregates larger than 2 mm and MWD values at 5-10 cm. Aggregate stability is influenced by crop rotation, and was highest in the layers 0-5 and 5-10 cm when triticale was used as autumn-winter species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
plantas de cobertura, semeadura direta, descompactação do solo, cover crops, no-tillage, soil decompaction
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 32, n. 4, p. 1399-1407, 2008.