Disponibilidade de fósforo para a soja cultivada sobre braquiária
Carregando...
Data
2008-02-15
Autores
Merlin, Alexandre [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos brasileiros são carentes em fósforo, um elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento das espécies cultivadas, sendo assim, limitante da produtividade em solos tropicais. Sistemas conservacionistas, como o sistema de semeadura direta, alteram a dinâmica do fósforo no solo, aumentando sua concentração principalmente nas camadas superficiais. A presença de determinadas espécies no sistema pode promover a solubilização de fosfatos e melhorar sua distribuição no perfil do solo. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a contribuição da braquiária na disponibilização de fósforo à soja subseqüente e seu efeito nas formas de fósforo no solo. O experimento foi instalado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (FCA/UNESP), na cidade de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. O solo da área experimental é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho-distroférrico, de textura média. Os tratamentos de doses de fosfato solúvel e natural aplicadas a lanço, com e sem cultivo de braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis). No verão, foi cultivada a soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril), em semeadura direta, sobre os restos da braquiária. Amostragens de solo foram realizadas, na semeadura, e foram analisadas características químicas do solo e as formas de fósforo presentes no solo, através de seu fracionamento. Na soja, foi analisado o acÚmulo de fósforo, além da diagnose foliar, as produções de grãos de soja e a produção de matéria seca no sistema. 2 As fontes de fósforo aplicadas a lanço não interferiram na produtividade de matéria seca da braquiária. Em relação ao teor de P na matéria seca de plantas de braquiária, os teores de P encontrados estão acima da faixa de suficiência, que para as gramíneas variam, em geral, entre 0,8 a 1,2 g kg-I. A presença da braquiária promoveu a redução na produtividade da soja quando na ausência de adubação fosfatada no sulco...
Low soils fertility limits productivity in Brazilian tropical soils. Zero tillage modifies phosphorus dynamics in the soil thus increasing its concentration mainly in upper layers. Crop rotation with phosphorus solubilizing species may improve phosphorus fertility in the soil profile. This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of Brachiaria ruziziensis on P availability for the following soybean crop and its subsequent effect in P pools within the soil profile. The experiment was carried out on Lageado Experimental Farm. Treatments consisted of soluble and reactive rock phosphate spread over the soi!. Brachiaria was cropped in sub-plots with 0,30 and 60 kg ha'l of soluble phosphate. Soybean was planted over brachiaria mulch in the summer. Soil samples were taken just before soybean planting. P pools were analyzed in the soil profile down to 60 centimeters. Phosphorus accumulation in soybeans, foliar diagnosis, soybean production and dry matter in the system were determined. Phosphorus sources spread over the soil did not affect brachiaria dry matter production. As to P content in brachiaria dry matter, P levels are above the range of sufficiency, from 0.8 to 1.2 g kg'l. Brachiaria caused reduction in soybean productivity without phosphate feliilization. P levels in soybean leaves were higher with sources spread over the soil, although the difference was significant only in the presence of brachiaria. The value observed without phosphate fertilization and without brachiaria is below the appropriate value, i.e .. , between 2,0 and 5,0 g kg'l. Brachiaria promoted alteration, mainly, in labile P forms in the soil profile so an increase of available P in depth was observed. On average, non-Iabile forms evaluated were not altered after brachiaria cultivation. However, a reduction in P-Ca in soil profile was 4 abserved when brachiaria was cultivated...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Low soils fertility limits productivity in Brazilian tropical soils. Zero tillage modifies phosphorus dynamics in the soil thus increasing its concentration mainly in upper layers. Crop rotation with phosphorus solubilizing species may improve phosphorus fertility in the soil profile. This study aimed at evaluating the contribution of Brachiaria ruziziensis on P availability for the following soybean crop and its subsequent effect in P pools within the soil profile. The experiment was carried out on Lageado Experimental Farm. Treatments consisted of soluble and reactive rock phosphate spread over the soi!. Brachiaria was cropped in sub-plots with 0,30 and 60 kg ha'l of soluble phosphate. Soybean was planted over brachiaria mulch in the summer. Soil samples were taken just before soybean planting. P pools were analyzed in the soil profile down to 60 centimeters. Phosphorus accumulation in soybeans, foliar diagnosis, soybean production and dry matter in the system were determined. Phosphorus sources spread over the soil did not affect brachiaria dry matter production. As to P content in brachiaria dry matter, P levels are above the range of sufficiency, from 0.8 to 1.2 g kg'l. Brachiaria caused reduction in soybean productivity without phosphate feliilization. P levels in soybean leaves were higher with sources spread over the soil, although the difference was significant only in the presence of brachiaria. The value observed without phosphate fertilization and without brachiaria is below the appropriate value, i.e .. , between 2,0 and 5,0 g kg'l. Brachiaria promoted alteration, mainly, in labile P forms in the soil profile so an increase of available P in depth was observed. On average, non-Iabile forms evaluated were not altered after brachiaria cultivation. However, a reduction in P-Ca in soil profile was 4 abserved when brachiaria was cultivated...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja, Solos - Teor de fosforo, Fertilizantes fosfatados, Rotação de cultivos, Capim-braquiaria, Natural phosphate, Phosphorus fraction, Crop rotation
Como citar
MERLIN, Alexandre. Disponibilidade de fósforo para a soja cultivada sobre braquiária. 2008. xiii, 95 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2008.