Padrão de coordenação do pular corda: um estudo desenvolvimental
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Data
2004-03
Autores
Bueno, Flavia Cristina Rodrigues [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Há muito tempo o pular corda vem sendo executado pelas pessoas, por crianças em suas brincadeiras ou por atletas no treinamento desportivo. O interesse em estudar o pular corda é, além do fato de ser considerado um comportamento universal que emerge desde a infância, uma oportunidade única de estudo da intrincada relação entre percepção e ação nos padrões de coordenação do movimento humano. A aquisição de padrões complexos de coordenação motora, como o pular corda, é um desafio para os estudiosos do desenvolvimento motor, pois crianças de tenra idade já são capazes de brincar pulando corda. Em especial, nos intriga como a criança sincroniza o momento de saltar em relação à trajetória da corda. Na busca de resposta a esta indagação, este estudo objetivou investigar o padrão de coordenação do pular corda em função da idade (7/8 (F1), 11/12 (F2) e 18/25 (F3) anos) e do gênero dos participantes. Participaram deste estudo trinta e seis (36) indivíduos, sendo seis (6) sujeitos do sexo masculino e seis (6) do sexo feminino de cada uma das faixas etárias. A tarefa consistia em realizar seqüências de saltos até completar a somatória de no mínimo trinta (30) saltos na freqüência preferida pelo sujeito, sendo a corda batida pelo próprio participante. Duas câmeras digitais foram utilizadas para registro das imagens e marcadores passivos foram fixados na corda e nas articulações do tornozelo (maléolo lateral), do joelho (epicôndilo lateral do fêmur) e do quadril (trocânter maior) para obtenção de dados sobre a altura do salto e da corda, ângulo da articulação do joelho e fase relativa contínua. Análises de Variância gênero (2) e faixa etária (3) foram feitas com as variáveis dependentes: fase relativa e desvio angular da fase relativa, altura máxima do salto, altura máxima da corda... .
Rope jumping is performed by children and athletes alike. This behavior is a universal and its emergence can be traced back to childhood. The interest in the study of rope jumping offers a unique opportunity to investigate the intricate relationship between perception and action in human movement patterns. The acquisition of rope jumping is a challenge to motor development researchers because very young children are able to successfully perform and have fun doing it. This study was designed to investigate the coordination of rope jumping as a function of age and gender. Thirty-six participants took part, six (6) males and six (6) females assigned to three age groups, F1 with 7 to 8 years of age, F2 with 11 to 12 years of age, and F3 with 18 to 25 years of age. The task was to perform a total of 30 rope jumping cycles done by the children at their preferred frequency. Two digital cameras were used to record the action and passive markers were fixed in the rope, the children's ankle joint (lateral malleolus), knee joint (lateral epicondyle of the femoral) and hip joint (greater trochanter) to obtain the jump and rope height, the knee joint angle and the continuous relative phase data. Analysis of Variance gender (2) and age (3) were run with the dependent variables: relative phase and its angular deviation, maximal jump height, maximal rope height, angle of the knee joint and its angular deviation in the maximal flexion of the flying phase. The Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) was different between young children (F1 = 199,20°) and old children (F2 = 175,62°) and adults (F3 = 171,05°). Adults also jumped higher (18,19 cm) than young children (14,11 cm) and old children (13,07 cm). The knee joint angle was larger in the adults (94,05°) than in children, young (55,91°) and old (72,50°), and less variability in knee joint angle was observed in... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Rope jumping is performed by children and athletes alike. This behavior is a universal and its emergence can be traced back to childhood. The interest in the study of rope jumping offers a unique opportunity to investigate the intricate relationship between perception and action in human movement patterns. The acquisition of rope jumping is a challenge to motor development researchers because very young children are able to successfully perform and have fun doing it. This study was designed to investigate the coordination of rope jumping as a function of age and gender. Thirty-six participants took part, six (6) males and six (6) females assigned to three age groups, F1 with 7 to 8 years of age, F2 with 11 to 12 years of age, and F3 with 18 to 25 years of age. The task was to perform a total of 30 rope jumping cycles done by the children at their preferred frequency. Two digital cameras were used to record the action and passive markers were fixed in the rope, the children's ankle joint (lateral malleolus), knee joint (lateral epicondyle of the femoral) and hip joint (greater trochanter) to obtain the jump and rope height, the knee joint angle and the continuous relative phase data. Analysis of Variance gender (2) and age (3) were run with the dependent variables: relative phase and its angular deviation, maximal jump height, maximal rope height, angle of the knee joint and its angular deviation in the maximal flexion of the flying phase. The Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) was different between young children (F1 = 199,20°) and old children (F2 = 175,62°) and adults (F3 = 171,05°). Adults also jumped higher (18,19 cm) than young children (14,11 cm) and old children (13,07 cm). The knee joint angle was larger in the adults (94,05°) than in children, young (55,91°) and old (72,50°), and less variability in knee joint angle was observed in... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Capacidade motora, Desenvolvimento Motor, Saltar, Fase relativa contínua
Como citar
BUENO, Flavia Cristina Rodrigues. Padrão de coordenação do pular corda: um estudo desenvolvimental. 2004. xii, 101 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2004.