Análises moleculares das formigas lava-pés (Solenopsis spp.) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) e da presença da endobactéria Wolbachia
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Data
2010-02-09
Autores
Martins, Cíntia [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O gênero Solenopsis tem distribuição cosmopolita, mas espécies do grupo S. saevissima, são nativas da América do Sul e inclui as conhecidas formigas lava-pés. Elas foram introduzidas de forma acidental em diversas regiões biogeográficas do mundo. No Brasil possuem ampla distribuição, mas têm preferência por áreas de atividade humana. São formigas altamente agressivas e são responsáveis por acidentes que podem levar a choques anafiláticos e à morte. As formigas apresentam associações de diferentes tipos com outros organismos, inclusive com bactérias endossimbiontes como a Wolbachia, bactéria intracelular que também infecta as formigas do gênero Solenopsis. No presente trabalho, procurou-se caracterizar as populações de lava-pés (Solenopsis spp.) de ampla área do território brasileiro, analisando o parentesco dessas populações e inferindo sobre sua filogenia. Além disso, foi investigada a presença, frequência e distribuição do endossimbionte Wolbachia em populações de Solenopsis spp. no Brasil. A caracterização das lava-pés foi baseada na análise do gene citocromo oxidase I e em estudos filogenéticos. Observou-se desde completa coerência geográfica, até polifilia para as espécies S. invicta e S. saevissima, o que demonstra claramente a diversidade desse gênero de formigas no Brasil. Existe a possibilidade de ocorrer populações isoladas reprodutivamente, tendo como decorrência processos evolutivos de especiação. Além disso, clados com espécies divergentes agrupadas podem trazer evidências de espécies erroneamente identificadas morfologicamente, presente em bancos de dados. O levantamento da ocorrência de Wolbachia foi baseado no gene wsp do endossimbionte e análises filogenéticas foram realizadas para inferir a história evolutiva dessas bactérias nas populações de lava-pés do país. Foi encontrada uma grande...
The genus Solenopsis has a cosmopolitan distribution, but species of S. saevissima group are native from South America and include the known fire ant. They were accidentally introduced in several countries of the world. In Brazil they have wide distribution with preference for areas of human activity. Ants are highly aggressive and responsible for accidents that can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. The ants have different associations with other organisms, including bacteria endosymbionts such as Wolbachia, intracellular bacteria that also infect the ants of the Solenopsis genus. In this study, we sought to characterize the populations of fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) in a wide area of Brazil, analyzing the relationship of these populations and inferring their phylogeny. Furthermore, we investigated the presence, frequency and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia in those populations of Solenopsis spp. in Brazil. The characterization of fire ants was based on analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene and on phylogenetic studies. It was observed that there were complete geographical coherence and polyphyly for the species S. invicta and S.saevissima, which clearly demonstrate the diversity of this genus of ants in Brazil. There is the possibility to occur reproductively isolated populations, leading to evolutionary processes of speciation. Furthermore, clustered clades with divergent species can bring evidences of species wrong morphologically identified, presents in databases. The survey of the occurrence of Wolbachia was based on the wsp gene of the endosymbiont and the phylogenetic analyses were performed to infer the evolutionary history of these bacteria in the populations of fire ants. There was a great diversity of Wolbachia in the genus Solenopsis, with 51% of the analyzed colonies presenting infection and the highest incidence was found in populations from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The genus Solenopsis has a cosmopolitan distribution, but species of S. saevissima group are native from South America and include the known fire ant. They were accidentally introduced in several countries of the world. In Brazil they have wide distribution with preference for areas of human activity. Ants are highly aggressive and responsible for accidents that can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. The ants have different associations with other organisms, including bacteria endosymbionts such as Wolbachia, intracellular bacteria that also infect the ants of the Solenopsis genus. In this study, we sought to characterize the populations of fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) in a wide area of Brazil, analyzing the relationship of these populations and inferring their phylogeny. Furthermore, we investigated the presence, frequency and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia in those populations of Solenopsis spp. in Brazil. The characterization of fire ants was based on analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene and on phylogenetic studies. It was observed that there were complete geographical coherence and polyphyly for the species S. invicta and S.saevissima, which clearly demonstrate the diversity of this genus of ants in Brazil. There is the possibility to occur reproductively isolated populations, leading to evolutionary processes of speciation. Furthermore, clustered clades with divergent species can bring evidences of species wrong morphologically identified, presents in databases. The survey of the occurrence of Wolbachia was based on the wsp gene of the endosymbiont and the phylogenetic analyses were performed to infer the evolutionary history of these bacteria in the populations of fire ants. There was a great diversity of Wolbachia in the genus Solenopsis, with 51% of the analyzed colonies presenting infection and the highest incidence was found in populations from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formiga, Formigas lava-pés, Endossimbiontes, DNA mitocondrial, Análise filogenética, Fire ants, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogenetic analysis, Endosymbionts
Como citar
MARTINS, Cíntia. Análises moleculares das formigas lava-pés (Solenopsis spp.) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) e da presença da endobactéria Wolbachia. 2010. 86 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.