Influência do peso de abate nas características de qualidade de carcaça e da carne do músculo Longissimus dorsi em novilhos nelore e cruzados Limousin - Nelore
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Data
2002-12-18
Autores
Heinemann, Riana Jordão Barrozo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil possui o maior rebanho comercial de bovinos do mundo e apesar desta posição de destaque, há um grande potencial de melhora no faturamento deste setor se forem adotadas medidas como cruzamentos industriais e reduções na idade de abate. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do peso de abate e do grupo genético: Nelore (N) e Limousin-Nelore (LN) nas características produtivas de carcaças e na qualidade da carne. Foram utilizados 50 novilhos divididos em 5 grupos de dez animais (5N e 5LN) abatidos sucessivamente em intervalos de aproximadamente 30 dias e faixas de pesos de abate (PA) em torno de 340, 370, 420, 475 e 500 kg. As carcaças obtidas foram avaliadas quanto suas características produtivas e as quedas de temperatura e pH muscular foram monitoradas durante a refrigeração. Após este período foram retiradas amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi de cada animal abatido para a caracterização qualitativa da carne. Para isso, a composição centesimal, comprimento de sarcômero, teor de colágeno, fragmentação miofibrilar e força de cisalhamento (FC) antes e após a maturação por 14 dias foram avaliados. Todos os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância seguida de teste de média, utilizando teste Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se que os animais LN apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça, de traseiro e área de olho de lombo comparado aos animais N. Poucas diferenças na composição centesimal da carne foram observadas nos dois grupos genéticos. Em geral, os animais apresentaram baixos níveis de gordura de cobertura e intramuscular, e os maiores valores reportados foram provenientes das carcaças provenientes das faixas de peso mais elevadas. Peso de carcaça e teor de gordura afetaram as perdas durante a refrigeração e as curvas de queda de temperatura e pH, no entanto, não afetaram a FC. Animais LN apresentaram...
Brazil has the biggest commercial cattle in the world, but there is potential to increase profits in this important segment if industrial crossbreed and decrease in slaughter age are adopted as a practice. So, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of the genetic group: Nelore (N) and Limousin-Nelore (LN) and the slaughter weight in carcass productivity and meat quality. Fifty steers were separated into five weight groups with ten animals each and slaughtered at the live weight of 343, 367, 419, 473 and 493 kg. Body composition, yields, carcass traits and the drop of pH and temperature were evaluated after slaughter. After chilling, samples from Longissimus dorsi were taken for meat quality analyses, where meat composition, sarcomere length, contents of collagen, miofibrilar fragmentation and objective texture measurement (WBS) of fresh and aged meat were done. All the data was statistic analyzed using Duncan test for testing differences betweens average. It was observed that carcass yield, loin eye area and principals commercial cuts were higher for crossbreed steers. Fat thickness and marbling fat were similar in the genetic groups, although the highest values were related to the heaviest carcasses. Carcass weight and fat content affected the drop of pH and temperature, and the weight loss during chilling, but didn't result in difference in WBS. LN steers had higher miofibrilar fragmentation and lowers WBS and collagen contents than N. Aging process was responsible for a 30% reduction in WBS in both genetic groups. It was possible to conclude that LN animals slaughtered at weigh above 370 kg associate quality and productive characteristics better than N animals.
Brazil has the biggest commercial cattle in the world, but there is potential to increase profits in this important segment if industrial crossbreed and decrease in slaughter age are adopted as a practice. So, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of the genetic group: Nelore (N) and Limousin-Nelore (LN) and the slaughter weight in carcass productivity and meat quality. Fifty steers were separated into five weight groups with ten animals each and slaughtered at the live weight of 343, 367, 419, 473 and 493 kg. Body composition, yields, carcass traits and the drop of pH and temperature were evaluated after slaughter. After chilling, samples from Longissimus dorsi were taken for meat quality analyses, where meat composition, sarcomere length, contents of collagen, miofibrilar fragmentation and objective texture measurement (WBS) of fresh and aged meat were done. All the data was statistic analyzed using Duncan test for testing differences betweens average. It was observed that carcass yield, loin eye area and principals commercial cuts were higher for crossbreed steers. Fat thickness and marbling fat were similar in the genetic groups, although the highest values were related to the heaviest carcasses. Carcass weight and fat content affected the drop of pH and temperature, and the weight loss during chilling, but didn't result in difference in WBS. LN steers had higher miofibrilar fragmentation and lowers WBS and collagen contents than N. Aging process was responsible for a 30% reduction in WBS in both genetic groups. It was possible to conclude that LN animals slaughtered at weigh above 370 kg associate quality and productive characteristics better than N animals.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carne bovina, Carne - Qualidade Qualidade, Bovino - Carcaças Carcaças
Como citar
HEINEMANN, Riana Jordão Barrozo. Influência do peso de abate nas características de qualidade de carcaça e da carne do músculo Longissimus dorsi em novilhos nelore e cruzados Limousin - Nelore. 2002. 123 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2002.