Efeito do bloqueio da aldosterona na remodelação cardíaca de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
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Data
2010-02-25
Autores
Cezar, Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma das principais causas de insuficiência cardíada (IC). No processo do desenvolvimento da hipertrofia miocárdica e a evolução pra IC, decorrente da sobrecarga pressórica, a ativação dos sistemas nervoso simpático e renina-angiotensina-aldosterona exerce papel fundamental, e a aldosterona tem sido responsabilizada por muitos desses efeitos. Diversos estudos clínicos e experimentais mostraram que o bloqueio da aldosterona atenua a remodelação ventricular na IC avançada. Considerando os efeitos adversos da aldosterona, o bloqueio de seus receptores, na fase mais precoce ao desenvolvimento da IC, poderá ser também benéfico atenuando a progressão da remodelação cardíaca. Para investigar essa questão, foram utilizados ratos espontaneamente hipertensos, com 16 meses de idade, divididos em dois grupos experimentais: controle (CTL) e tratado com espironolactona 20 mg/kg/dia (ESP) por seis meses. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foi medida no início e no final do experimento. A avaliação estrutural e funcional cardíaca in vivo foi realizada por ecocardiograma. O estudo funcional in vitro foi realizado pela técnica do músculo papilar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). A reserva contrátil foi avaliada após o aumento da concentração de cálcio extracelular, contração pós-pausa e estimulação por β-agonista isoproterenol. Para análise estrutural in vitro foram medidos os pesos do VE, ventrículo direito, átrios, pulmão e amostra de fígado, e calculada a razão peso úmido/peso seco desses órgãos. Amostras do VE foram obtidas para análise histológica, com a finalidade de medira área seccional dos cardiomiócitos (hematoxilina e eosina) e a área ocupada pelo colágeno (picrosirius red), para quantificação de hidroxiprolina e realização da técnica do RT-PCR em tempo real...
Arterial hypertension is one of the main causes of heart failure (HF). In the process of myocardial hypertrophy and HF development due to pressure overload, activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system plays a fundamental role. Several clinical and experimental studies have been shown that aldosterone blockade attenuates ventricular remodeling in advanced HF. Considering the aldosterone deleterious effects, we hypothesized that the blockade of its receptors in the early phase of HF development can attenuate the progression of cardiac remodeling. To investigate this issue, 16 month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were used. Rats were separated into two groups: control (CTL) and spironolactone treated (SPR, 20 mg/kg/day) for six months. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. In vivo cardiac structural and functional evaluation was performed by echocardiogram. In vitro myocardial function was analyzed in left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles under isometric contractions. Contractiel reserve was evaluated after extracellular calcium concentration increase, post-pause contractions, and β-agonist isoproterenol stimulation. In vitro structural analysis was done bay measuring LV, right ventricle, and atria weight, and the wet-to-dry weight ratio of these organs and also lung and liver samples. LV samples were stored for histological analysis (cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial collagen fraction), measurement of hydroxyproline concentration, and quantification of gene expression of proteins related to cardiac remodeling by real-time RT-PCR. According to sample distribution, normal or non-normal, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Mortality rate was analyzed by log-rank test (Kaplan Meier curve). Statistical analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Arterial hypertension is one of the main causes of heart failure (HF). In the process of myocardial hypertrophy and HF development due to pressure overload, activation of sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system plays a fundamental role. Several clinical and experimental studies have been shown that aldosterone blockade attenuates ventricular remodeling in advanced HF. Considering the aldosterone deleterious effects, we hypothesized that the blockade of its receptors in the early phase of HF development can attenuate the progression of cardiac remodeling. To investigate this issue, 16 month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were used. Rats were separated into two groups: control (CTL) and spironolactone treated (SPR, 20 mg/kg/day) for six months. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment. In vivo cardiac structural and functional evaluation was performed by echocardiogram. In vitro myocardial function was analyzed in left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles under isometric contractions. Contractiel reserve was evaluated after extracellular calcium concentration increase, post-pause contractions, and β-agonist isoproterenol stimulation. In vitro structural analysis was done bay measuring LV, right ventricle, and atria weight, and the wet-to-dry weight ratio of these organs and also lung and liver samples. LV samples were stored for histological analysis (cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial collagen fraction), measurement of hydroxyproline concentration, and quantification of gene expression of proteins related to cardiac remodeling by real-time RT-PCR. According to sample distribution, normal or non-normal, Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Mortality rate was analyzed by log-rank test (Kaplan Meier curve). Statistical analysis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Insuficiencia cardiaca, Remodelação ventricular, Aldosterona - Efeitos fisiológicos - Estudos experimentais, Hypertensive heart, Arterial hypertension
Como citar
CEZAR, Marcelo Diarcadia Mariano. Efeito do bloqueio da aldosterona na remodelação cardíaca de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos. 2010. 57 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, 2010.