Indicadores ambientais da pauta exportadora brasileira
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Data
2012-02-29
Autores
Moreira, Luciane Mastelaro [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Ganhos econômicos do comércio podem esconder custos ambientais, quando o comércio for baseado na exploração intensiva de recursos naturais e geração de impactos ambientais. Assim, o padrão de comércio pode representar sérias restrições para um desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesta dissertação, analisamos o perfil ambiental da pauta exportadora brasileira, no período de 1990 a 2010, com o objetivo verificar a vulnerabilidade ambiental do comércio. Para tanto, e com base na metodologia aplicada por Schaper (1999), empregamos três grupos de indicadores ambientais, assim definidos por Grossman e Krueger (1995): efeito escala, efeito composição e efeito tecnológico. Aqui, mede-se o efeito escala pelo volume de produtos primários, commodities, intensivos no uso de recursos naturais e o volume de exportação das indústrias ambientalmente sensíveis (de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos por Low e Yeats, 1992). Mensura-se o efeito composição pelo Índice de Especialização das Exportações do Brasil para o mundo, que mostra a contribuição de cada setor (commodities e produtos industriais) para o total das exportações do país. O efeito tecnológico, por sua vez, é mensurado por dois indicadores (baseados em fontes estatísticas da CEPAL): participação das importações de “bens de progresso técnico” no total das importações brasileiras e Índice de Especialização Tecnológica (desenvolvido por Alcorta e Peres, 1998). Como base de dados sobre comércio exterior brasileiro foi utilizado o Aliceweb, sistema de informações sobre comércio exterior da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior (SECEX), do Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior (MDIC). Os resultados corroboram a hipótese de vulnerabilidade ambiental da pauta exportadora brasileira, que continua baseada em produtos primários e industriais intensivos no uso de recursos naturais e com elevado potencial contaminante
Economic gains from foreign trade can hide environmental costs when trade is intensively based on natural resources involving high environmental impacts. The trade pattern can pose serious constrains for the transition to a sustainable development. This dissertation presents an analysis of the environmental profile of the Brazilian foreign trade in the period 1990-2010. It examines a set of environmental indicators to check the environmental vulnerability of trade, based on the methodology applied by Schaper (1999). Three groups of indicators are used here for the scale, composition and technological effects as defined by Grossman and Krueger (1995). The scale effect is measured by the volume of primary products, commodities that are intensive in the use of natural resources, and the volume of exports of environmental sensitive industries (according to Low and Yeats, 1992). The composition effect is measured by the Export Specialization Index which shows the contribution of each sector (commodities and industrial products) to the total exports by Brazil. Technological effect employs two indicators (based on ECLAC’ statistical resources): share of imports of “goods for technical progress” in the Brazilian total imports, and the Technological Specialization Index (developed by Alcorta and Peres, 1998). The data source for the Brazilian foreign trade used here is Aliceweb - the information system on foreign trade of the Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX), the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC). The results corroborate the hypothesis of environmental vulnerability of the Brazilian exports, which are still based on primary and industrial products with intensive use of natural resources and high potential contaminant
Economic gains from foreign trade can hide environmental costs when trade is intensively based on natural resources involving high environmental impacts. The trade pattern can pose serious constrains for the transition to a sustainable development. This dissertation presents an analysis of the environmental profile of the Brazilian foreign trade in the period 1990-2010. It examines a set of environmental indicators to check the environmental vulnerability of trade, based on the methodology applied by Schaper (1999). Three groups of indicators are used here for the scale, composition and technological effects as defined by Grossman and Krueger (1995). The scale effect is measured by the volume of primary products, commodities that are intensive in the use of natural resources, and the volume of exports of environmental sensitive industries (according to Low and Yeats, 1992). The composition effect is measured by the Export Specialization Index which shows the contribution of each sector (commodities and industrial products) to the total exports by Brazil. Technological effect employs two indicators (based on ECLAC’ statistical resources): share of imports of “goods for technical progress” in the Brazilian total imports, and the Technological Specialization Index (developed by Alcorta and Peres, 1998). The data source for the Brazilian foreign trade used here is Aliceweb - the information system on foreign trade of the Secretariat of Foreign Trade (SECEX), the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC). The results corroborate the hypothesis of environmental vulnerability of the Brazilian exports, which are still based on primary and industrial products with intensive use of natural resources and high potential contaminant
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Meio ambiente, Recursos naturais, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Brasil Comércio, Commerce - Brazil, Natural resources, Sustainable development
Como citar
MOREIRA, Luciane Mastelaro. Indicadores ambientais da pauta exportadora brasileira. 2012. 123 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara, 2012.