Análise de viabilidade econômica e financeira de uma pequena central hidrelétrica
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Data
2005-09-30
Autores
Pineli, Geraldo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O nível de consumo de energia é uma das formas de se aferir o desenvolvimento econômico de uma sociedade. No Brasil, o investimento no setor elétrico realizado na década de 1970, possibilitou crescimento significativo do consumo de energia. Em 2002 a fonte hídrica correspondia a 74,7% da oferta interna de energia. Tendo em vista o esgotamento do modelo estatal de geração e distribuição de energia elétrica, a busca de investimentos privados foi iniciada na década de l990. A eliminação da influência política na determinação das tarifas e a manutenção de legislação compatível foram necessárias, para tornarem viáveis as aplicações de recursos privados no setor. Os problemas ambientais, hidrológicos e geológicos além dos econômicos, restringem a construção de grandes usinas. Assim, o aproveitamento de pequenas quedas de água apresenta-se como opção viável na composição da matriz energética nacional. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a viabilidade econômico-financeira de pequena central hidrelétrica, tomando-se como modelo uma em funcionamento. Foram colhidos junto ao proprietário da empresa e fornecedores de equipamentos, os custos para a montagem da usina, bem como os valores das receitas e despesas realizadas durante um ano. Com base nas medidas de vazões existentes foi analisada a produtividade da usina em relação à sua capacidade instalada. Verificou-se o crescimento da produtividade comparando-se a produção no período de janeiro a agosto de 2004 em relação aos mesmos meses de 2003. Considerando que os custos de mão de obra tornam-se relativamente caros para pequenos níveis de produção, bem como a elevada taxa de juros praticada no mercado brasileiro, pode-se visualizar a necessidade da diferenciação de preços por kWh pagos ao produtor, a fim de viabilizar o investimento...
The consumption of energy is one of the forms to measure the economic development of a society. In Brazil, the investment in the electric sector during the decade of 1970 enabled a significant growth of the energy consumption. In 2002 the water source was responsible for 74,7 % of the energy domestic supply. Foreseeing the exhaustion of the governmental model of generation and distribution of electric energy, the search for private investments was initiated in the decade of l990. The elimination of the political influence on determining prices for the service and the maintenance of compatible legislation were necessary to allow private investments in the sector. The environmental, hydrological and geologic problems and the economic ones, restrict the construction of hydroelectric power-station. Thus, the utilization of small waterfalls is a viable option to integrate the national energy matrix. This paper aims to analyze the viability of a small hydroelectric power station, using a working one as a model. The owner of the company and of the equipment provided the total costs for the assembly of the plant, as well as the costs through the year and the annual turnover. Based on measures of existing outflows, the productivity of the plant was analyzed, compared to the installed capacity. The increase of the productivity was verified comparing the production between January and August of 2004 with the same period in 2003. Considering that the costs of human labor become relatively expensive for small levels of production, as well as the high rate of interests carried out in the Brazilian market, it shows the necessity of a differentiation on prices per kWh to the producer, in order to make the investment possible. The monetary data analyzed as investment, costs and turnover, allowed to conclude that the economic viability of the small plants needs raising long-term financing...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The consumption of energy is one of the forms to measure the economic development of a society. In Brazil, the investment in the electric sector during the decade of 1970 enabled a significant growth of the energy consumption. In 2002 the water source was responsible for 74,7 % of the energy domestic supply. Foreseeing the exhaustion of the governmental model of generation and distribution of electric energy, the search for private investments was initiated in the decade of l990. The elimination of the political influence on determining prices for the service and the maintenance of compatible legislation were necessary to allow private investments in the sector. The environmental, hydrological and geologic problems and the economic ones, restrict the construction of hydroelectric power-station. Thus, the utilization of small waterfalls is a viable option to integrate the national energy matrix. This paper aims to analyze the viability of a small hydroelectric power station, using a working one as a model. The owner of the company and of the equipment provided the total costs for the assembly of the plant, as well as the costs through the year and the annual turnover. Based on measures of existing outflows, the productivity of the plant was analyzed, compared to the installed capacity. The increase of the productivity was verified comparing the production between January and August of 2004 with the same period in 2003. Considering that the costs of human labor become relatively expensive for small levels of production, as well as the high rate of interests carried out in the Brazilian market, it shows the necessity of a differentiation on prices per kWh to the producer, in order to make the investment possible. The monetary data analyzed as investment, costs and turnover, allowed to conclude that the economic viability of the small plants needs raising long-term financing...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Usinas hidrelétricas, Viabilidade economica, Usinas hidrelétricas - Custos, Produtividade, Potencial hidrelétrico, Economic viability, Cost, Productivity
Como citar
PINELI, Geraldo. Análise de viabilidade econômica e financeira de uma pequena central hidrelétrica. 2005. x, 125 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.