Avaliação da eficiência de sistema fito-pedológico (Wetlands) na depuração de efluentes domésticos gerados em pequena comunidade
Carregando...
Data
2008-01-04
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de um sistema natural de tratamento de esgotos conhecido por sistema fito-pedológico, o qual utiliza plantas aquáticas implantadas em leito filtrantes. O experimento foi realizado na estação de tratamento de esgotos localizada na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA), da UNESP de Botucatu, SP, Brasil, que trata os despejos de uma pequena comunidade rural localizada na própria FCA. O sistema proposto foi composto por tanques de decantação; leitos filtrantes de pedra brita no 1 e sistema fito-pedológico (construct wetlands) de fluxo vertical descendente, o qual utilizou como leito filtrante (substrato) os seguintes materiais dispostos em camadas: brita no 1, pedregulho e uma mistura de areia e palha de café na proporção 2/1. Foram testados quatro sistemas, sendo três vegetados e um não vegetado (testemunha). Nos sistemas vegetados foram cultivados: junco (Juncus sellovianus), brachiaria (Brachiaria arrecta) e patcholi (Vetiveria zizanoides L.). Mensalmente, por um período de um ano, foram coletadas amostras de efluente em todos os sistemas para determinação das seguintes variáveis: pH, turbidez, condutividade elétrica, sólidos sedimentáveis, DQO, DBO, compostos nitrogenados, compostos fosfatados, ferro total, coliformes totais e Echerichia coli. Juntamente com a coleta do efluente foi mensurada a temperatura ambiente, vazão, tempo de detenção hidráulica e dados climatológicos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os sistemas fito-pedológico contribuíram para a redução de DBO (70 a 80%), DQO (66 a 71%), turbidez (58 a 82%), sólidos sedimentáveis (90 a 100%), coliformes totais (49 a 74%) independente da implantação ou não de vegetação. Entretanto, ocorreu aumento nas concentrações de ferro, alumínio,...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a system of natural sewage treatment known as phyto-pedological system, which uses aquatic plants rooted in bed filter. The experiment was conducted at sewage treatment plant located at the Agronomic Sciences College (FCA), UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil, which treats the sewage of a small rural community located in the FCA. The proposed system was composed of decating tanks; filter beds of stone brita nº. 1 and phyto-pedological system (construct wetlands) vertical downward flow, using as a bed filter (substrate) the following materials prepared in layers: brita nº.1, gravel and a mixture of sand and straw of coffee in proportion 2 / 1. We tested four systems, three were vegetated and one was not vegetated (control). On vegetated systems were grown: Junco (Juncus sellovianus), brachiaria (Brachiaria arrecta) and patcholi (Vetiveria zizanoides l.). Every month, for a period of one year, samples of effluent in allsystems were collected to determine the following variables: pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, sedimentable solid, COD, BOD, nitrogen compounds, phosphate compounds, total iron, total coliform and Echerichia coli. Along with the collection of the effluent room temperature was measured, flow, duration of hydraulic detention and climatological data. The results show that the phyto-pedological system contributed for the reduction of BOD (70 to 80%), COD (66 to 71%), turbidity (58 to 82%), sedimentables solid (90 to 100%), total coliforms (49 to 74%) regardless of deployment of vegetation or not. However, there was an increase in the concentrations of iron, aluminum, nitrate and phosphorus and it presented instability to the results of E. Coli. There was no significant difference between the vegetated systems and not vegetated for the main variables. Considering the results, the simplicity of operation and maintenance...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a system of natural sewage treatment known as phyto-pedological system, which uses aquatic plants rooted in bed filter. The experiment was conducted at sewage treatment plant located at the Agronomic Sciences College (FCA), UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil, which treats the sewage of a small rural community located in the FCA. The proposed system was composed of decating tanks; filter beds of stone brita nº. 1 and phyto-pedological system (construct wetlands) vertical downward flow, using as a bed filter (substrate) the following materials prepared in layers: brita nº.1, gravel and a mixture of sand and straw of coffee in proportion 2 / 1. We tested four systems, three were vegetated and one was not vegetated (control). On vegetated systems were grown: Junco (Juncus sellovianus), brachiaria (Brachiaria arrecta) and patcholi (Vetiveria zizanoides l.). Every month, for a period of one year, samples of effluent in allsystems were collected to determine the following variables: pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, sedimentable solid, COD, BOD, nitrogen compounds, phosphate compounds, total iron, total coliform and Echerichia coli. Along with the collection of the effluent room temperature was measured, flow, duration of hydraulic detention and climatological data. The results show that the phyto-pedological system contributed for the reduction of BOD (70 to 80%), COD (66 to 71%), turbidity (58 to 82%), sedimentables solid (90 to 100%), total coliforms (49 to 74%) regardless of deployment of vegetation or not. However, there was an increase in the concentrations of iron, aluminum, nitrate and phosphorus and it presented instability to the results of E. Coli. There was no significant difference between the vegetated systems and not vegetated for the main variables. Considering the results, the simplicity of operation and maintenance...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Água - Poluição, Aguas residuais, Plantas aquaticas, Efluente, Constructed wetlands, Treatment, Macrophytes, Domestic sewage, Sewage, Pollution, Sustainability
Como citar
SALARO JUNIOR, Romano. Avaliação da eficiência de sistema fito-pedológico (Wetlands) na depuração de efluentes domésticos gerados em pequena comunidade. 2008. xii, 137 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2008.