Análise de estruturas flexíveis com aplicação de materiais viscoelásticos
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Data
2008-10-29
Autores
Queiroz, José Aparecido Silva de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os materiais viscoelásticos têm sido muito utilizados para atenuar vibração e ruído em estruturas, devido a sua capacidade inerente de absorver uma porcentagem de energia vibratória dos sistemas mecânicos e de dissipá-la sob a forma de calor. Esse tipo de amortecimento tem sido utilizado em muitas aplicações nas indústrias automotiva e aeroespacial, porém as propriedades dinâmicas das estruturas viscoelásticas não são fáceis de serem determinadas, pois suas respostas dependem de muitos fatores externos, tais como a geometria da estrutura, a freqüência de excitação a qual a estrutura está submetida, entre outros. Neste trabalho foi implementado um aparato experimental composto por um motor de corrente contínua, controlado por Modulação por Largura de Pulso (PWM), ao qual se engastou uma estrutura flexível de aço inox (escalímetro), com e sem revestimento viscoelástico. O objetivo foi analisar tal estrutura quando excitada em movimento livre e forçado. Ao oscilar a estrutura, os extensômetros, devidamente acoplados em sua superfície, faziam a leitura dos dados (deformação) e os enviavam a um instrumento de aquisição de dados analógicos, os quais, após a conversão para digital, foram enviados a um PC para análises necessárias ao experimento. Para avaliar as características das estruturas e estimar as taxas de amortecimento, foram aplicados técnicas de decremento logarítmico nas análises em movimento livre e o método da banda de meia potência nas análises em movimento forçado. Foram utilizados dois modelos de materiais viscoelásticos (fitas VHB da 3M). Os métodos de revestimentos foram: “Configuração de Camada Livre” e “Estrutura Sanduíche”. Este último permitiu aumentar as deformações cisalhantes na camada viscoelástica e, conseqüentemente, aumentou a dissipação de energia vibratória. Essas análises permitiram...
The viscoelastic materials have been widely used to reduce noise and vibration on structures, because of its inherent ability to absorb a percentage of vibrating energy in mechanical systems and dissipate it as heat. This type of damping has been used in many applications in the automotive and aerospacial industries, but the dynamic properties of viscoelastic structures are not easy to be determined, because their answers depend on many external factors, such as the geometry of the structure, the frequency of excitation that the structure is exposed, among others. In this work a prototype composed of a DC engine, controlled by the Pulse Width Modulator by (PWM), which is setting up a flexible stainless steel (scale ruler), with and without coating viscoelastic has been implemented. The objective was analyze the structure when excited in free and forced movement. When the structure swings, the strain Gages properly attached to its surface, made the reading of data (deformation), and sent it to an analog data acquisition instrument, which after that converts analogical data to digital and they were sent to a PC for experiment analysis. To evaluate the structure characteristics, and estimate the damping rates were applied techniques of analysis in logarithmic decrement in free movement, and the method of half-band power in the forced movement analysis. We used two models of viscoelastic materials (tapes of 3M HBV). The methods of coating were: Setting Free Layer and structure Sandwich. The last one enabled the increase the cut deformations in viscoelastic layer and consequently increased the dissipation of vibrating energy. These tests have allowed a better understanding of the influence of viscoelastic material in the vibration behavior of these structures.
The viscoelastic materials have been widely used to reduce noise and vibration on structures, because of its inherent ability to absorb a percentage of vibrating energy in mechanical systems and dissipate it as heat. This type of damping has been used in many applications in the automotive and aerospacial industries, but the dynamic properties of viscoelastic structures are not easy to be determined, because their answers depend on many external factors, such as the geometry of the structure, the frequency of excitation that the structure is exposed, among others. In this work a prototype composed of a DC engine, controlled by the Pulse Width Modulator by (PWM), which is setting up a flexible stainless steel (scale ruler), with and without coating viscoelastic has been implemented. The objective was analyze the structure when excited in free and forced movement. When the structure swings, the strain Gages properly attached to its surface, made the reading of data (deformation), and sent it to an analog data acquisition instrument, which after that converts analogical data to digital and they were sent to a PC for experiment analysis. To evaluate the structure characteristics, and estimate the damping rates were applied techniques of analysis in logarithmic decrement in free movement, and the method of half-band power in the forced movement analysis. We used two models of viscoelastic materials (tapes of 3M HBV). The methods of coating were: Setting Free Layer and structure Sandwich. The last one enabled the increase the cut deformations in viscoelastic layer and consequently increased the dissipation of vibrating energy. These tests have allowed a better understanding of the influence of viscoelastic material in the vibration behavior of these structures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Viscoelasticidade, Amortecimento (Mecanica), Viscoelasticidade dinâmica, Viscoelasticity, Dynamical behaviour, Flexible structures
Como citar
QUEIROZ, José Aparecido Silva de. Análise de estruturas flexíveis com aplicação de materiais viscoelásticos. 2008. 101 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Bauru, 2008.