Mito e realidade em Hesíodo
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Data
2008-03-07
Autores
Dias Filho, Vanderlei do Carmo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Hesíodo é um nome relativamente desconhecido fora de círculos especializados dentro dos Estudos Clássicos. Apesar disso, juntamente com seu contemporâneo mais célebre, Homero, o poeta deu aos gregos a imagem dos deuses tal qual a conhecemos hoje. Em suas duas principais obras, a Teogonia e Os Trabalhos e os dias, Hesíodo compõe e coloca em prática os mitos helenos, aplica-os ao cotidiano do homem do campo. Apesar de serem praticamente contemporâneos, Hesíodo e Homero têm em comum apenas o formato de suas obras. Os temas escolhidos pelos poetas são diferentes, assim como o objetivo e público de suas composições. Enquanto Homero falava sobre grandes guerras e heróis do passado, Hesíodo fala sobre a origem dos deuses e do cosmos e traz a força dessa origem ao mundo contemporâneo, ao mesmo tempo ensinando a moral do universo aos homens simples do campo e dando sentido e significado à experiência do homem sobre a terra com os mitos. O período em que a vida de Hesíodo transcorreu, provavelmente entre os séculos VIII e VII a.C., foi um tempo de grandes transformações para o homem grego. As invasões dóricas haviam terminado e as influências do Oriente Médio e da Ásia estavam presentes entre os helenos, ainda sem uma forma definida. Nesse contexto, tornava-se necessário reunir e adaptar todas as impressões culturais e religiosas. Hesíodo fez isso em Teogonia, ao reunir e organizar várias idéias diferentes enquanto, na primeira vez que temos conhecimento, mostra a origem da cosmologia grega. Em Os Trabalhos e os Dias, o poeta faz uso, de uma forma até então inédita, da cosmologia para compor uma obra em que fala não de heróis ou guerras distantes, mas do homem do campo do agora, não envolvido em atos legendários, e sim em atos cotidianos que assumem significado quando comparados aos mitos.
Hesiod is a name relatively unknown outside of specialist circles within the Classic Studies. Nevertheless, along with his more famous contemporary, Homer, the poet gives the image of the Greek gods as such we know today. In its two major works, Theogony and The Works and days, Hesiod composes and puts into practice the Hellenic myths, applying them to the daily life of the campestry men. Despite being virtually contemporaneous, Hesiod and Homer have in common only the format of his works. The themes chosen by the poets are different, and the purpose and audience of his compositions. As Homer spoke about major wars and heroes of the past, Hesiod talks about the origin of the gods and of the cosmos and brings the strength of that rise to the contemporary world, while teaching the moral universe of the simple men of the field and giving meaning and significance to the experience of man on earth with the myths. The period in which the life of Hesiod, probably between VII and VIII centuries BC, was a time of great changes for the Greeks. The Doric invasions had finished and the influences of the Middle East and Asia were present among Greeks, even without a set. In this context, it was necessary to meet and adapt all cultural and religious views. Hesiod did this in Theogony, meeting and organizing as many different ideas, the first time we have knowledge, shows the origin of the Greek cosmology. In The Works and Days, the poet makes use of this cosmology to compose a work in which speaks not of war heroes or a distant past, but the man of the world now, not involved in acts legendary, and but in everyday acts that acquires significance when compared to the myths. At work, the poet calls for Perses, his fool brother, claiming to him that leave the path of Excess and follows the road of Justice, although it is more painful.
Hesiod is a name relatively unknown outside of specialist circles within the Classic Studies. Nevertheless, along with his more famous contemporary, Homer, the poet gives the image of the Greek gods as such we know today. In its two major works, Theogony and The Works and days, Hesiod composes and puts into practice the Hellenic myths, applying them to the daily life of the campestry men. Despite being virtually contemporaneous, Hesiod and Homer have in common only the format of his works. The themes chosen by the poets are different, and the purpose and audience of his compositions. As Homer spoke about major wars and heroes of the past, Hesiod talks about the origin of the gods and of the cosmos and brings the strength of that rise to the contemporary world, while teaching the moral universe of the simple men of the field and giving meaning and significance to the experience of man on earth with the myths. The period in which the life of Hesiod, probably between VII and VIII centuries BC, was a time of great changes for the Greeks. The Doric invasions had finished and the influences of the Middle East and Asia were present among Greeks, even without a set. In this context, it was necessary to meet and adapt all cultural and religious views. Hesiod did this in Theogony, meeting and organizing as many different ideas, the first time we have knowledge, shows the origin of the Greek cosmology. In The Works and Days, the poet makes use of this cosmology to compose a work in which speaks not of war heroes or a distant past, but the man of the world now, not involved in acts legendary, and but in everyday acts that acquires significance when compared to the myths. At work, the poet calls for Perses, his fool brother, claiming to him that leave the path of Excess and follows the road of Justice, although it is more painful.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hesiodo, Literatura - História e critica - Teoria, etc, Mito
Como citar
DIAS FILHO, Vanderlei do Carmo. Mito e realidade em Hesíodo. 2008. 69 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara, 2008.