Validação de bioindicadores de recuperação de áreas degradadas por minerações de bauxita em Poços de Caldas, MG
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Data
2004-02-16
Autores
Rocha, Paula Suares [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em 1991 foram realizados levantamentos da mirmecofauna de 9 areas revegetadas com especies nativas (com diferentes idades) pela Alcoa Aluminio S/A e 4 areas preservadas (2 campos de altitude e 2 matas), denominadas Areas Controle. O intuito de tais levantamentos foi analisar o grau de recuperacao dessas areas atraves da utilizacao de formigas como bioindicadores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a recuperacao dessas areas atraves da comparacao de dados atuais (2002) com os dados pre-existentes (1991), utilizando formigas como bioindicadores. Deste modo foi possivel avaliar a recuperacao das areas ao longo de 11 anos (2002) e validar a eficacia das formigas como bioindicadores. Foram utilizadas analises estatisticas de Similaridade e Afinidade, determinando a Diversidade de Mosaico (m) e Diversidade À, alem de analises de Grupos Funcionais e de Temperatura da Matriz. 86 especies foram amostradas em 1991 e 108 em 2002, totalizando 112 especies. A Diversidade de Mosaico foi mais alta em 2002 (4,4) que em 1991 (3,5), o que sugere uma maior complexidade da paisagem nos dias atuais. A Diversidade À teve media de 0,31 em 1991 e 0,23 e 2002. Os grupos funcionais foram diversificados nas areas, mas Generalistas Myrmicinae (GM) e Especialistas de Clima Tropical (TCS) representaram a maioria das especies amostradas. A Temperatura da Matriz indicou dependencia entre as especies, representando uma menor aleatoriedade das extincoes. Em 2002 a quantidade de especies menos estaveis em areas menos hospitaleiras foi menor, enquanto o numero de especies mais estaveis e menos estaveis em areas mais hospitaleiras foi maior. Concluiu-se que as areas apresentaram alguma recuperacao nestes anos. Formigas sao bons bioindicadores, uma vez que respondem as mudancas do ambiente, e a composicao faunistica caracteriza a paisagem, como confirmado pelas analises de grupos funcionais.
In 1991 there has been made a sampling of the ant community of 9 revegetated areas with native species (with diferent ages) by Alcoa Aluminio S/A and 4 preserved areas (2 campos de altitude . grassy shrubland - and 2 matas . semideciduos rain forest) named as Control Areas. The purpose of such samplings was to analyse the recovery degree of those areas by using ants as bioindicators. The present piece of work intends to analyse the recovery of those areas throughout the comparison of current data (2002) with pre-existent data (1991), using ants as bioindicators. In this way it Ls possible to evaluate the recovery of those areas throughout 11 years (2002) and to validate the efficacy of ants as bioindicators. There has been used statistic analysis of Similarity and Affinity, determining the Mosaic Diversity (m) and Beta Diversity ( À), besides the Functional Groups and Matrix Temperature analysis. 86 species were sampled in 1991 and 108 in 2002, amounting to 112 different species. The Mosaic Diversity was higher in 2002 (4,4) than in 1991 (3,5), which suggests a bigger environmental complexity at the present days. The Beta Diversity had average of 0,31 in 1991 and 0,23 in 2002. The Functional Groups were various in those areas, but Generalized Myrmicinae (GM) and Tropical Climate Specialists (TCS) represented the majority of the sampled species. The Matrix Temperature indicated dependency between the species, representing a smaller random extinction order. In 2002 the amount of less stable species in less hospitable areas was smaller, and the number os species more stable in more hospitable areas was bigger. The conclusion is that the areas presented some recovery in those years Ants are good bioindicators, as they respond to the environmental changes, and the fauna composition marks the landscape, as confirmed by the Functional Group analys ...
In 1991 there has been made a sampling of the ant community of 9 revegetated areas with native species (with diferent ages) by Alcoa Aluminio S/A and 4 preserved areas (2 campos de altitude . grassy shrubland - and 2 matas . semideciduos rain forest) named as Control Areas. The purpose of such samplings was to analyse the recovery degree of those areas by using ants as bioindicators. The present piece of work intends to analyse the recovery of those areas throughout the comparison of current data (2002) with pre-existent data (1991), using ants as bioindicators. In this way it Ls possible to evaluate the recovery of those areas throughout 11 years (2002) and to validate the efficacy of ants as bioindicators. There has been used statistic analysis of Similarity and Affinity, determining the Mosaic Diversity (m) and Beta Diversity ( À), besides the Functional Groups and Matrix Temperature analysis. 86 species were sampled in 1991 and 108 in 2002, amounting to 112 different species. The Mosaic Diversity was higher in 2002 (4,4) than in 1991 (3,5), which suggests a bigger environmental complexity at the present days. The Beta Diversity had average of 0,31 in 1991 and 0,23 in 2002. The Functional Groups were various in those areas, but Generalized Myrmicinae (GM) and Tropical Climate Specialists (TCS) represented the majority of the sampled species. The Matrix Temperature indicated dependency between the species, representing a smaller random extinction order. In 2002 the amount of less stable species in less hospitable areas was smaller, and the number os species more stable in more hospitable areas was bigger. The conclusion is that the areas presented some recovery in those years Ants are good bioindicators, as they respond to the environmental changes, and the fauna composition marks the landscape, as confirmed by the Functional Group analys ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formiga, Minas e mineração, Recuperação de áreas, Mining
Como citar
ROCHA, Paula Suares. Validação de bioindicadores de recuperação de áreas degradadas por minerações de bauxita em Poços de Caldas, MG. 2004. 183 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2004.