A valiação da integridade superficial e usinabilidade de engrenagens forjadas utilizando fresamento com alta velocidade de corte
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Data
2008-02-26
Autores
Paulo, Rafael Gustavo da Rocha [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a influência das condições de usinagem na usinabilidade e na integridade superficial de aços empregados na fabricação de engrenagens automotivas. Os materiais usinados foram obtidos por meio de três formas diferentes de resfriamento: normalizados (N) a 950 ºC por duas horas, resfriados ao forno (F) a 600 ºC por 20 minutos e resfriados ao ar (A) calmamente. Para estes estudos foram empregadas três condições de usinagem, especialmente (mas não apenas) diferenciadas pela velocidade de corte: uma condição convencional (C1), comumente utilizada pela empresa fabricante das engrenagens, uma condição intermediária (C2), estabelecida por meio do catálogo do fabricante das ferramentas e a condição (C3) HSC (High-Speed Cutting). Os ensaios de fresamento de faceamento concordante a seco foram conduzidos em um centro de usinagem CNC e as variáveis monitoradas foram divididas em dois grupos: usinabilidade e integridade superficial, sendo rugosidade e mecanismo de formação do cavaco, pertencentes ao primeiro grupo e tensão residual, dureza, microdureza e análise metalográfica, ao segundo, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma influência decisiva da condição de usinagem sobre o produto final. A melhora mais significativa na rugosidade (valores médios) apresentou-se na amostra (N) sendo de aproximadamente 67%, ocorrida na condição de usinagem (C3) em relação à C1. O mecanismo de formação dos cavacos alterou-se com a condição de usinagem. Os maiores valores do ângulo da microestrutura dos cavacos (por volta de 55°) foram medidos para a condição C1, ao passo que os menores valores (aproximadamente 41°) foram encontrados na condição de usinagem (C2). Recorrendo-se à microscopia eletrônica de varredura dos cavacos, constatou-se uma tendência inicial de segmentação do cavaco na condição de usinagem (C3)...
This work presents a study about the influence of machining conditions on machinability and surface integrity of steel employed in automotive gears manufacturing. The tested workpieces were obtained by three different cooling processes: normalizing (N) at 950 ºC for two hours, furnace cooling (F) at 600 ºC for 20 minutes and air cooling (A) calmly. In these studies were employed three machining conditions, mainly differentiate by cutting speed. A conventional condition (C1), commonly used by gear manufacturers, an intermediary condition (C2) defined by means of HPC (High-Performance Cutting) concept and HSC (High-Speed Cutting) condition (C3) were used. The dry face down-milling tests were carried out using a CNC vertical machining center (15 CV) and the investigated variables were separated in two groups: machinability and surface integrity. Roughness and chip formation mechanism refer to the first group. Residual stress, hardness, microhardness and workpiece metallographic analysis belong to another one. The results indicated a decisive influence of machining condition on final product. The more significant roughness improvement (Ra) was found in sample (N) when machined at condition (C3), about 67% lower than values generated through machining condition (C1). The chip formation mechanism changed due to machining condition. The greater chip microstructure angles (about 55º) appeared on C1 condition and smallest values (about 41º) in C2 condition. Through scanning electronic microscopy an initial trend to chip segmentation in machining condition (C3) was verified. The residual stress in milling was predominantly tension stress and depended on machined workpiece microstructure. In general, the lowest values were observed in C3 condition. The lowest hardness variation with regarding “as received” condition was verified in C3 condition being of 4% on average All machining... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work presents a study about the influence of machining conditions on machinability and surface integrity of steel employed in automotive gears manufacturing. The tested workpieces were obtained by three different cooling processes: normalizing (N) at 950 ºC for two hours, furnace cooling (F) at 600 ºC for 20 minutes and air cooling (A) calmly. In these studies were employed three machining conditions, mainly differentiate by cutting speed. A conventional condition (C1), commonly used by gear manufacturers, an intermediary condition (C2) defined by means of HPC (High-Performance Cutting) concept and HSC (High-Speed Cutting) condition (C3) were used. The dry face down-milling tests were carried out using a CNC vertical machining center (15 CV) and the investigated variables were separated in two groups: machinability and surface integrity. Roughness and chip formation mechanism refer to the first group. Residual stress, hardness, microhardness and workpiece metallographic analysis belong to another one. The results indicated a decisive influence of machining condition on final product. The more significant roughness improvement (Ra) was found in sample (N) when machined at condition (C3), about 67% lower than values generated through machining condition (C1). The chip formation mechanism changed due to machining condition. The greater chip microstructure angles (about 55º) appeared on C1 condition and smallest values (about 41º) in C2 condition. Through scanning electronic microscopy an initial trend to chip segmentation in machining condition (C3) was verified. The residual stress in milling was predominantly tension stress and depended on machined workpiece microstructure. In general, the lowest values were observed in C3 condition. The lowest hardness variation with regarding “as received” condition was verified in C3 condition being of 4% on average All machining... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Metais – Usinabilidade, Usinagem com alta velocidade de corte, Integridade superficial
Como citar
PAULO, Rafael Gustavo da Rocha. A valiação da integridade superficial e usinabilidade de engrenagens forjadas utilizando fresamento com alta velocidade de corte. 2008. 154 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2008.