Isolamento de fungos produtores de lipases catalisadores de reações de transesterificação para produção de biodiesel
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Data
2012-09-14
Autores
Brito, Rafaela Rodrigues de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A produção do biodiesel por meio da transesterificação enzimática, catalisada por lipases, tem a vantagem de gerar biodiesel de melhor qualidade devido à especificidade da catálise, e ainda permite a recuperação de um glicerol mais puro que pode ter diferentes aplicações. Entretanto, o uso da catálise enzimática no processo industrial de produção do biodiesel no Brasil ainda é inviável em função do alto custo das enzimas, requerendo desenvolvimento de tecnologias que reduzam o preço de produção e de aplicação desses biocatalisadores. Com base nestes aspectos, este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar e selecionar fungos filamentosos capazes de produzir lipases com atividade de transesterificação e aplicar estas enzimas na síntese do biodiesel, avaliando ainda as influências das condições de cultivo do microrganismo na produção das lipases. Dentre as 20 linhagens de fungos isoladas, duas apresentaram capacidade de produzir lipases com atividade de transesterificação quando cultivadas por fermentação em estado sólido (FES) em meio de bagaço de cana e farelo de soja (9:1). Nas condições empregadas, a linhagem Acremonium sp. ROG 2.1.9 apresentou atividade de transesterificação com rendimento de 1,5 g de ésteres·100g -1 de óleo de soja e atividade hidrolítica de 3,8 U·mL -1 quando avaliadas pelo método titulométrico e 0,8 U·mL -1 pelo método colorimétrico. Para determinar as condições favoráveis de fermentação, vários substratos foram testados para a cultura desse fungo e produção das lipases com atividade transesterificação, e aquele que proporcionou a maior atividade, utilizando o micélio imobilizado, foi a torta de algodão (sem adição de óleo), seguida pela mistura de bagaço de cana e farelo de soja (9:1) com rendimentos de 4,7 e 4,1 g de ésteres·100g -1 de óleo, respectivamente...
The production of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification, catalyzed by lipase, has the advantage of produce better quality biodiesel, due to its high specificity and still allows recovery of a purer glycerol which can have several destinations. However, the use of enzymatic catalysis in an industrial production of biodiesel in Brazil is not feasible yet to the high cost of these enzymes, requiring development of technologies that reduce the cost of production and application. Based on these aspects, this study aimed to isolate and select filamentous fungi capable of producing lipase with transesterification activity and apply these enzymes in the synthesis of biodiesel, still evaluating the influences of culture conditions of the microorganism in the production of lipases. Among the 20 strains of fungi isolated, two had the ability to produce lipases with transesterification activity when grown by solid state fermentation (SSF) in the middle of sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1). Under these conditions employed the strain Acremonium sp. ROG 2.1.9 showed transesterification activity with a yield of 1.5 g of 100g -1 · esters of soybean oil and hydrolytic activity of 3.8 U · mL -1 when measured by titrimetric method and 0.8 U· ml -1 by colorimetric method, respectively. To determine favorable conditions of fermentation, various substrates were tested for the culture of this fungus and production of lipases with transesterification activity, and one that yielded the highest transesterification activity, using immobilized mycelia, was cottonseed meal (without added oil), followed by mixture of sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1) with yields of 4.7 and 4.1 g of esters · 100g -1 oil, respectively. Using the mixture of mycelium immobilized on sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1), were also evaluated nine solutions with different nitrogen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The production of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification, catalyzed by lipase, has the advantage of produce better quality biodiesel, due to its high specificity and still allows recovery of a purer glycerol which can have several destinations. However, the use of enzymatic catalysis in an industrial production of biodiesel in Brazil is not feasible yet to the high cost of these enzymes, requiring development of technologies that reduce the cost of production and application. Based on these aspects, this study aimed to isolate and select filamentous fungi capable of producing lipase with transesterification activity and apply these enzymes in the synthesis of biodiesel, still evaluating the influences of culture conditions of the microorganism in the production of lipases. Among the 20 strains of fungi isolated, two had the ability to produce lipases with transesterification activity when grown by solid state fermentation (SSF) in the middle of sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1). Under these conditions employed the strain Acremonium sp. ROG 2.1.9 showed transesterification activity with a yield of 1.5 g of 100g -1 · esters of soybean oil and hydrolytic activity of 3.8 U · mL -1 when measured by titrimetric method and 0.8 U· ml -1 by colorimetric method, respectively. To determine favorable conditions of fermentation, various substrates were tested for the culture of this fungus and production of lipases with transesterification activity, and one that yielded the highest transesterification activity, using immobilized mycelia, was cottonseed meal (without added oil), followed by mixture of sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1) with yields of 4.7 and 4.1 g of esters · 100g -1 oil, respectively. Using the mixture of mycelium immobilized on sugarcane bagasse and soybean meal (9:1), were also evaluated nine solutions with different nitrogen... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Enzimas de fungos - Aplicações industriais, Lipase, Catalise, Biocombustíveis, Biodiesel
Como citar
BRITO, Rafaela Rodrigues de. Isolamento de fungos produtores de lipases catalisadores de reações de transesterificação para produção de biodiesel. 2012. 64 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2012.