Seleção de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos para o controle de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: plutellidae) e sua ação em inimigos naturais da praga
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Data
2009-08-10
Autores
Almeida, Aline Maria Belasco de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A traça-das-crucíferas Plutella xylostella é relatada como uma das principais pragas das crucíferas no Brasil e no mundo. Sua principal forma de controle ainda é o químico, mas seu uso indiscriminado tem causado problemas de resistência de algumas populações, além de matar seus inimigos naturais e trazer malefícios para o ambiente e para o homem. Alguns estudos de controle biológico vêm sendo realizados para o controle dessa praga, dentre eles destacando-se o uso de fungos entomopatogênicos e de parasitóides. Assim, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de determinar a concentração e tempo letal 50 e 90 dos fungos entomopatogênicos Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea e Metarhizium anisopliae para lagartas de P. xylostella, e a patogenicidade de isolados deste fungos para ovos, lagartas, pupas e adultos da praga. Foram utilizados cinco isolados de cada espécie fúngica, sendo que os mais patogênicos à todas as fases do ciclo de vida do inseto foram utilizados para investigar a interação dos entomopatógenos com os parasitóides Trichogramma pretiosum e T. exiguum e com o predador Podisus nigrispinus. As CL90 para B. bassiana, I. fumosorosea e M. anisopliae foram 2 x 108, 8,65 x 107 e 1,77 x 108 conídios mL-1, respectivamente, sendo que estas foram utilizadas em todos os experimentos posteriores. Os isolados CB 75 e IBCB 133 de I. fumosorosea mostraram uma ação patogênica eficiente para ovos da praga, causando, respectivamente, 66 e 70% de mortalidade. Para a fase de lagarta os isolados E9 e o IBCB 425 de M. anisopliae, causaram, respectivamente, 98 e 96% de mortes. Considerando a mortalidade total de pupas tratadas e seus adultos emergidos, a ação dos isolados AM 09, JAB 07, IBCB 74 e IBCB 87 não diferiu significativamente (p<0,01) causando, respectivamente, 94, 92, 82 e 100% de mortalidade do inseto. Para os adultos não houve diferença significativa...
The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella is related as one of mainly pests in crucifers in Brazil. Its mainly control way still is chemical, but its indiscriminate use has been causing resistance in some populations, besides to kill its natural enemies and bring bad things for environment and human. Some studies of biological control have been made, outsdanding entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids. Thus, it was determinated the lethal time and concentration 50 and 90 of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae to larvae of P. xylostella, and the pathogenicity of strains of these fungi to eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the pest. It was used five strains of each fungal specie, and the most pathogenic were used to investigate the interaction between entomopathogens and the parasitoids Trichogramma pretiosum and T. exiguum and with the predator Podisus nigrispinus. The LC90 for B. bassiana, I. fumosorosea and M. anisopliae were 2 x 108, 8,65 x 107 e 1,77 x 108 conidia ml-1, respectively, being used in the following bioassays. The strains CB 75 and IBCB 133 of I. fumosorosea showed an efficient pathogenic action for the eggs of the pest, causing, respectively, 66 and 70% of mortality. For larvae the isolates E9 and IBCB 425 of M. anisopliae, caused, respectively, 98 and 96% of death. Considering the total mortality of treated pupae and its emerged adults, the action of AM 09, JAB 07, IBCB 74 and IBCB 87, did not differ significantly (p<0,01) causing, respectively, 94, 92, 82 e 100% of insect mortality. For adults there was no statistical difference between the B. bassiana strains. The isolates CB 75 and IBCB 133 of I. fumosorosea caused, respectively, 98 and 94% of adults death of P. xylostella and the strains E9, IBCB 159 and IBCB 425 of M. anisopliae, caused 100, 92 and 96% of death. For the obtained results in all the stages of this study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella is related as one of mainly pests in crucifers in Brazil. Its mainly control way still is chemical, but its indiscriminate use has been causing resistance in some populations, besides to kill its natural enemies and bring bad things for environment and human. Some studies of biological control have been made, outsdanding entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids. Thus, it was determinated the lethal time and concentration 50 and 90 of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae to larvae of P. xylostella, and the pathogenicity of strains of these fungi to eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the pest. It was used five strains of each fungal specie, and the most pathogenic were used to investigate the interaction between entomopathogens and the parasitoids Trichogramma pretiosum and T. exiguum and with the predator Podisus nigrispinus. The LC90 for B. bassiana, I. fumosorosea and M. anisopliae were 2 x 108, 8,65 x 107 e 1,77 x 108 conidia ml-1, respectively, being used in the following bioassays. The strains CB 75 and IBCB 133 of I. fumosorosea showed an efficient pathogenic action for the eggs of the pest, causing, respectively, 66 and 70% of mortality. For larvae the isolates E9 and IBCB 425 of M. anisopliae, caused, respectively, 98 and 96% of death. Considering the total mortality of treated pupae and its emerged adults, the action of AM 09, JAB 07, IBCB 74 and IBCB 87, did not differ significantly (p<0,01) causing, respectively, 94, 92, 82 e 100% of insect mortality. For adults there was no statistical difference between the B. bassiana strains. The isolates CB 75 and IBCB 133 of I. fumosorosea caused, respectively, 98 and 94% of adults death of P. xylostella and the strains E9, IBCB 159 and IBCB 425 of M. anisopliae, caused 100, 92 and 96% of death. For the obtained results in all the stages of this study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biological control, Microbial control, Diamondback moth, Pathogenicity, Trichogramma sp, Podisus nigrispinus, Sistemas de controle biologico, Fungos patogenicos, Trichogramma, Podisus, Traças das crucíferas, Controle microbiano
Como citar
ALMEIDA, Aline Maria Belasco de. Seleção de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos para o controle de Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: plutellidae) e sua ação em inimigos naturais da praga. 2009. xvii, 55 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2009.