Leveduras isoladas de ninhos de formigas da tribo Attini (Hymeniptera: Formicidae)
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Data
2010-06-17
Autores
Carvalho, Tatiana de Freitas Costa de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A simbiose entre as formigas Attini e o fungo cultivado permitiu a expansão das suas colônias e a utilização dos fungos como parte da dieta alimentar dos adultos e como principal alimento das larvas. Em troca, as formigas suprem os fungos com substrato vegetal, dão abrigo, os dispersam para novas localidades e oferecem proteção contra seus predadores e patógenos. Apesar dos diversos mecanismos para manter o ninho livre de outros micro-organismos, bactérias, leveduras e fungos filamentosos podem ser encontrados. Na literatura, há pouca informação sobre a presença e o papel biológico das leveduras em ninhos de Attini. Portanto, neste trabalho a ênfase foi isolar e identificar as leveduras encontradas em jardins de fungo e em alguns materiais de descarte de ninhos de Attini. Esta abordagem permitiu a criação de um banco de estirpes específico que deverá ser utilizado em outras pesquisas que possam possibilitar uma análise mais apronfundada sobre a participação delas na simbiose. Foram analisados quarenta e quatro ninhos pertencentes a espécies de Attini de sete gêneros distintos, a saber: Mycocepurus, Myrmicocrypta, Mycetophylax, Sericomyrmex, Trachymyrmex, Acromyrmex e Atta. Deles, foi isolado um total de cento e cinqüenta e duas estirpes, distribuídas em trinta e três espécies, as quais foram identificadas por análises morfológicas, fisiológicas e pelo seqüenciamento dos domínios D1/D2 da região 26S do rDNA; contudo, em alguns casos, foi necessário seqüenciar a região ITS. A espécie mais encontrada nos ninhos de Mycocepurus goeldii, Trachymyrmex sp e Acromyrmex sp foi Pichia guilliermondii, prevalente nos ninhos dos dois últimos gêneros. Houve predominância das espécies Pichia caribbica e Candida railenensis no único ninho de Myrmicocrypta sp e de Cryptococcus flavescens nos ninhos de Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Observamos também a dominância...
The symbiosis between the Attini ants and their cultivated fungi allowed the expansion of their colonies as well as the use of fungi as part of the adults’ diet and the main food of the larvae. In return, the ants supply the fungi with plant substrates, provide shelter, disperse the fungi to new locations and offer protection against predators and pathogens. Although several mechanisms to keep the nest free of other microorganisms, several bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi can be found. In literature, there is little information about the presence and biological role of yeasts in Attini nests, therefore, the emphasis of this study was to isolate and identify yeasts in fungus gardens and in some waste deposits of Attini ants. This approach permitted a database creation of specific strains which can be used in other researchs that may facilitate a deeper analysis about their participation in symbiosis. Forty-four nests of seven different attine genera were analyzed, which are: Mycocepurus, Myrmicocrypta, Mycetophylax, Sericomyrmex, Trachymyrmex, Acromyrmex e Atta. A total of one hundred and fifty-two strains were isolated, belonging to thirty-three yeasts species, wich were identified by morphological and physiological analysis and the D1/D2 domains of the nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA were sequenced; however, in some cases, it was necessary to identify the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. Pichia guilliermondii was the most dominant specie encountered in nests of Mycocepurus goeldii, Trachymyrmex sp and Acromyrmex sp, with prevalence in the nests of the last two genera. Pichia caribbica and Candida railenensis predominated in the single Myrmicocrypta sp nest studied while Cryptococcus flavescens dominated in the Atta sexdens rubropilosa nests. It was observed that basidiomycete yeasts were most associated with leaf-cutting ant nests. The genera Moniliella, Torulaspora... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The symbiosis between the Attini ants and their cultivated fungi allowed the expansion of their colonies as well as the use of fungi as part of the adults’ diet and the main food of the larvae. In return, the ants supply the fungi with plant substrates, provide shelter, disperse the fungi to new locations and offer protection against predators and pathogens. Although several mechanisms to keep the nest free of other microorganisms, several bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi can be found. In literature, there is little information about the presence and biological role of yeasts in Attini nests, therefore, the emphasis of this study was to isolate and identify yeasts in fungus gardens and in some waste deposits of Attini ants. This approach permitted a database creation of specific strains which can be used in other researchs that may facilitate a deeper analysis about their participation in symbiosis. Forty-four nests of seven different attine genera were analyzed, which are: Mycocepurus, Myrmicocrypta, Mycetophylax, Sericomyrmex, Trachymyrmex, Acromyrmex e Atta. A total of one hundred and fifty-two strains were isolated, belonging to thirty-three yeasts species, wich were identified by morphological and physiological analysis and the D1/D2 domains of the nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA were sequenced; however, in some cases, it was necessary to identify the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA. Pichia guilliermondii was the most dominant specie encountered in nests of Mycocepurus goeldii, Trachymyrmex sp and Acromyrmex sp, with prevalence in the nests of the last two genera. Pichia caribbica and Candida railenensis predominated in the single Myrmicocrypta sp nest studied while Cryptococcus flavescens dominated in the Atta sexdens rubropilosa nests. It was observed that basidiomycete yeasts were most associated with leaf-cutting ant nests. The genera Moniliella, Torulaspora... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Microorganismos, Microbiologia, Simbiose, Biodiversidade, Fungos - Culturas e meios de cultura, Jardim de fungo, Fungus garden
Como citar
CARVALHO, Tatiana de Freitas Costa de. Leveduras isoladas de ninhos de formigas da tribo Attini (Hymeniptera: Formicidae). 2010. 111 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2010.