Créditos de nitrogênio, alterações nos atributos químicos do solo e nos componentes de produção da cultura do milho em função da aplicação de esterco bovino
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Data
2013-11-22
Autores
Silva, Marcio Silveira da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os adubos orgânicos se constituem como uma importante forma de reciclagem de nutrientes, em especial o nitrogênio. No entanto, estimar a quantidade de N que é fornecida durante o ciclo da cultura é uma tarefa complexa. Nesse sentido, foram conduzidos simultaneamente dois experimentos em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico muito argiloso, no município de Jaboticabal-SP, durante o ano agrícola 2011/2012 com o objetivo de se avaliar os créditos de nitrogênio para a cultura do milho, as alterações nos componentes de produção e as alterações nos atributos químicos do solo em função da aplicação de esterco bovino. Ambos os experimentos foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos no primeiro experimento foram constituídos por doses de N, sendo elas: 0; 60; 90; 120; 180 e 240 kg ha-1, de N utilizando-se como fonte a ureia. Este experimento foi conduzido para de determinar a curva de resposta da cultura ao nitrogênio e, por meio desta calcular os créditos de nitrogênio provenientes da adubação com esterco. Já no segundo experimento, os tratamentos foram constituídos por sete doses de esterco bovino, 0; 5; 10; 15; 30; 45 e 60 Mg ha-1. Foram avaliados os componentes de produtividade do milho, os atributos químicos do solo, acúmulo de nutrientes na biomassa da parte aérea, a concentração de nutrientes nos grãos e na folha diagnose. Verificou-se créditos de nitrogênio variando de 31 a 76 kg ha-1 de N em função da adubação com esterco bovino, incrementos significativos no número de grãos por espiga com a aplicação de até 28 Mg ha-1 de esterco bovino. Como efeito adicional, a aplicação de esterco bovino promoveu aumentos lineares no pH do solo, carbono orgânico do solo (COS), na disponibilidade de P, na concentração de K, Ca e Mg trocável, e na capacidade de troca catiônica do solo (CTC) e decréscimos na acidez potencial...
Organic fertilizers are constituted as an important way of recycling nutrients, especially nitrogen. However, estimating the amount of N that is provided during the crop cycle is a complex task. Accordingly, two experiments were conducted simultaneously, in the county of Jaboticabal - SP during the crop season of 2011/2012, in an Oxisol, with the aim of evaluate the nitrogen credit to the corn crop, the changes in the components of production of maize and in soil chemical properties as a function of rates of manure . Both experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments in the first experiment consisted of rates of N, as follows: 0, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha- 1 of N using urea as a source. This experiment was conducted to determine the response curve of corn to nitrogen and hereby calculate the nitrogen credits from manure. In the second experiment, treatments consisted of seven rates of feedlot cattle manure, 0, 5, 10 , 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha- 1. We evaluated the yield components of corn, the soil chemical properties, nutrient accumulation on aboveground biomass, and the concentration of nutrients in the grain and in the index leaf. It was verified nitrogen credits ranging from 31 to 76 kg ha-1 N as a function of the cattle manure, significant increases in the number of grains per spike with application of up to 28 Mg ha-1 feedlot cattle manure. As an additional effect there was linear increase in soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), the availability of P, contents of K , Ca and Mg, and cation exchange capacity of the soil (CEC) and decreases in exchange acidity (H+Al). There were increases in the cumulative amount of P and K in aboveground biomass, in the concentration of P, S and Fe in the index leaf and in concentration of N, P and S in the grains
Organic fertilizers are constituted as an important way of recycling nutrients, especially nitrogen. However, estimating the amount of N that is provided during the crop cycle is a complex task. Accordingly, two experiments were conducted simultaneously, in the county of Jaboticabal - SP during the crop season of 2011/2012, in an Oxisol, with the aim of evaluate the nitrogen credit to the corn crop, the changes in the components of production of maize and in soil chemical properties as a function of rates of manure . Both experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments in the first experiment consisted of rates of N, as follows: 0, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha- 1 of N using urea as a source. This experiment was conducted to determine the response curve of corn to nitrogen and hereby calculate the nitrogen credits from manure. In the second experiment, treatments consisted of seven rates of feedlot cattle manure, 0, 5, 10 , 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha- 1. We evaluated the yield components of corn, the soil chemical properties, nutrient accumulation on aboveground biomass, and the concentration of nutrients in the grain and in the index leaf. It was verified nitrogen credits ranging from 31 to 76 kg ha-1 N as a function of the cattle manure, significant increases in the number of grains per spike with application of up to 28 Mg ha-1 feedlot cattle manure. As an additional effect there was linear increase in soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), the availability of P, contents of K , Ca and Mg, and cation exchange capacity of the soil (CEC) and decreases in exchange acidity (H+Al). There were increases in the cumulative amount of P and K in aboveground biomass, in the concentration of P, S and Fe in the index leaf and in concentration of N, P and S in the grains
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Cultivo, Milho - Adubação, Fertilizantes nitrogenados, Nitrogenio na agricultura, Quimica do solo, Esterco bovino, Nitrogen in agriculture
Como citar
SILVA, Marcio Silveira da. Créditos de nitrogênio, alterações nos atributos químicos do solo e nos componentes de produção da cultura do milho em função da aplicação de esterco bovino. 2013. ix, 47 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.