Concentrado de vinhaça biodigerida como fertilizante: efeito no substrato, no crescimento e nutrição da cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2012-11-29
Autores
Silva, Juliana Aparecida dos Santos da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A vinhaça, resíduo da produção de etanol, é amplamente utilizada como fertilizante por ter elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica e nutrientes, principalmente o potássio. Atualmente existe o interesse de se aplicar a vinhaça em canaviais distantes das destilarias. Uma forma de tornar transporte da vinhaça menos oneroso é a sua biodigestão e posterior concentração, produzindo o concentrado de vinhaça biodigerida (CVB). Entretanto, existem diferenças entre o CVB e a vinhaça in natura (VIN). Por isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi de comparar o CVB com a VIN e o KCl como fertilizante no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar. Para isto foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro, os tratamentos corresponderam à fertilização com CVB, VIN, KCl (em dose equivalente à 450 kg ha-1 de K) e um tratamento controle (apenas água) na presença e na ausência de adubação nitrogenada. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em mudas de cana-de-açúcar com 60 dias de idade, plantadas em substrato composto pela mistura de areia fina e Latossolo (2:1) em vasos de 18 L. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 X 2. No segundo experimento, o CVB, a VIN e o KCl em doses equivalentes à 60, 120, 240, 480 kg ha-1 de K e mais um tratamento controle (apenas água) foram aplicados em mudas de cana-de-açúcar, previamente preparadas como no primeiro experimento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 X 4 mais um tratamento adicional (controle). Em ambos os experimentos, após a aplicação dos tratamentos, as plantas foram conduzidas por 60 dias em casa de vegetação. Após este período, foram avaliadas as características químicas do substrato, a altura de plantas, número de perfilhos, área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total. Também foram avaliados o teor e o acúmulo de nutrientes e o acúmulo de sódio nas plantas
The vinasse, a waste of ethanol production, is widely used like fertilizer because it has high concentration of organic matter and nutrients, especially potassium. Currently there is interest in to apply vinasse on distant areas from distilleries. One way to make transportation of vinasse less costly is its biodigestion and posterior concentration, producing the concentrated biodigested vinasse (CBV). However, there are differences between the CBV and in natura vinasse (INV). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the CBV with the INV and KCl in the fertilization of sugarcane in early development. For this purpose two experiments were made. At first, the treatments were fertilization with CBV, INV, KCl (at dose equivalent to 450 kg ha-1 K) and one control (water only) in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilizer. Treatments were applied in seedlings of sugarcane with 60 days old, planted in substrate composed by fine sand and Oxisol (2:1) in pots of 18 L. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 X 2. In the second experiment, CBV, INV and KCl in doses equivalent to 60, 120, 240, 480 kg ha-1 of K plus a control (water only) were applied in seedlings of sugar cane, previously prepared like in the first experiment. We used a completely randomized design in factorial plus one additional treatment (3 X 4 + 1). In both experiments, after the treatments, the plants were cultivated for 60 days in a greenhouse. After this period, we evaluated the chemical characteristics of the substrate, plant height, tiller number, leaf area, leaves dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. We also evaluated the content and accumulation of nutrients and sodium accumulation in plants. The CBV showed similar results those of INV and KCl like fertilizer, in the presence and absence of nitrogen, but the nitrogen application could increase the plant’s growth. The CBV also showed similar results those of INV and ...
The vinasse, a waste of ethanol production, is widely used like fertilizer because it has high concentration of organic matter and nutrients, especially potassium. Currently there is interest in to apply vinasse on distant areas from distilleries. One way to make transportation of vinasse less costly is its biodigestion and posterior concentration, producing the concentrated biodigested vinasse (CBV). However, there are differences between the CBV and in natura vinasse (INV). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the CBV with the INV and KCl in the fertilization of sugarcane in early development. For this purpose two experiments were made. At first, the treatments were fertilization with CBV, INV, KCl (at dose equivalent to 450 kg ha-1 K) and one control (water only) in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilizer. Treatments were applied in seedlings of sugarcane with 60 days old, planted in substrate composed by fine sand and Oxisol (2:1) in pots of 18 L. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4 X 2. In the second experiment, CBV, INV and KCl in doses equivalent to 60, 120, 240, 480 kg ha-1 of K plus a control (water only) were applied in seedlings of sugar cane, previously prepared like in the first experiment. We used a completely randomized design in factorial plus one additional treatment (3 X 4 + 1). In both experiments, after the treatments, the plants were cultivated for 60 days in a greenhouse. After this period, we evaluated the chemical characteristics of the substrate, plant height, tiller number, leaf area, leaves dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. We also evaluated the content and accumulation of nutrients and sodium accumulation in plants. The CBV showed similar results those of INV and KCl like fertilizer, in the presence and absence of nitrogen, but the nitrogen application could increase the plant’s growth. The CBV also showed similar results those of INV and ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar - Nutrição, Vinhaça, Plantas - Fertilização, Digestão anaeróbia, Potassio na agricultura, Fertilization of plants
Como citar
SILVA, Juliana Aparecida dos Santos da. Concentrado de vinhaça biodigerida como fertilizante: efeito no substrato, no crescimento e nutrição da cana-de-açúcar. 2012. ix, 52 p. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2012.