Bário, cádmio, cromo e chumbo em plantas de milho e em Latossolo que recebeu lodo de esgoto por onze anos consecutivos
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Data
2010-02-11
Autores
Merlino, Luciana Cristina Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes, o lodo de esgoto tem despertado interesse na utilização agrícola com o intuito de substituir total ou parcialmente o uso de adubos minerais. Embora a utilização agrícola seja uma alternativa para sua disposição final, o lodo de esgoto pode conter elevadas concentrações de metais pesados, que são elementos potencialmente tóxicos às plantas, aos animais e aos homens, exigindo assim, uma avaliação cuidadosa da sua aplicação continuada ao solo. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do lodo de esgoto complementado com K por onze anos consecutivos em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico na produtividade do milho, no fornecimento de nutrientes à cultura, na concentração de Ba, Cd, Cr e Pb na folha para diagnose foliar, planta inteira (parte aérea + raiz) e nos grãos de milho, na distribuição de Ba, Cd, Cr e Pb no perfil do solo e na distribuição dos mesmos metais nas frações do solo (solúvel+trocável, adsorvida à superfície, matéria orgânica, óxidos de manganês, óxidos de ferro amorfo, óxidos de ferro cristalino e residual). O experimento foi desenvolvido em condições de campo, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1= testemunha (sem lodo de esgoto e com fertilização mineral), T2= 5, T3= 10 e T4= 20 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto, base seca, complementado com K. As amostras de folha para fins de diagnose foliar, solo, planta inteira e grãos foram obtidas, respectivamente, aos 60, 68, 80 e 123 dias após a emergência das plantas. A utilização do lodo de esgoto complementado com K, por onze anos consecutivos, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico como fertilizante para a cultura do milho proporcionou produtividade superior a obtida com a fertilização mineral e também, ótima condição nutricional para as...
Rich in organic matter and nutrients, sewage sludge has attracted attention for agricultural use in order to fully or partially replace the use of mineral fertilizers. Although agricultural use is an alternative to its final disposal, sewage sludge may contain high concentrations of heavy metals that are potentially toxic to plants, animals and men, and thus requiring a careful assessment for continuous application to the soil. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of eleven annual applications of sewage sludge supplemented with K to a Typic Hapludox to maize productivity, nutrient supply to the plants, Ba, Cd , Cr and Pb concentration in maize diagnosis leaf, plant (aerial part + root) and grains, Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb distribution in the soil profile and the metals distribution in the soil fractions (soluble+exchangeable, surface adsorbed, organic matter, manganese oxides, amorphous iron oxides, crystalline iron oxides and residual fraction). The experiment was developed under field conditions, using a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments want: T1= control (no sewage sludge and with mineral fertilization), T2= 5, T3= 10 and T4= 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge, dried basis, complemented with K. The samples of diagnosis leaf, soil, plants and grains were obtained at 60, 68, 80 and 123 days after seedling emergence, respectively. The sewage sludge supplemented with K utilization for eleven consecutive years to a Typic Hapludox provided maize productivity similar to that achieved with mineral fertilizers and also promoted optimal nutritional condition for the plants, confirming its potential as a source of agricultural nutrients. The rates of 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge supplemented with K increased soil Ba, Cr and Pb concentration in the topsoil (0-0.10 m), but did not affect Cd. The tested sewage sludge rates did not increase Cd, Cr and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rich in organic matter and nutrients, sewage sludge has attracted attention for agricultural use in order to fully or partially replace the use of mineral fertilizers. Although agricultural use is an alternative to its final disposal, sewage sludge may contain high concentrations of heavy metals that are potentially toxic to plants, animals and men, and thus requiring a careful assessment for continuous application to the soil. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of eleven annual applications of sewage sludge supplemented with K to a Typic Hapludox to maize productivity, nutrient supply to the plants, Ba, Cd , Cr and Pb concentration in maize diagnosis leaf, plant (aerial part + root) and grains, Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb distribution in the soil profile and the metals distribution in the soil fractions (soluble+exchangeable, surface adsorbed, organic matter, manganese oxides, amorphous iron oxides, crystalline iron oxides and residual fraction). The experiment was developed under field conditions, using a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments want: T1= control (no sewage sludge and with mineral fertilization), T2= 5, T3= 10 and T4= 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge, dried basis, complemented with K. The samples of diagnosis leaf, soil, plants and grains were obtained at 60, 68, 80 and 123 days after seedling emergence, respectively. The sewage sludge supplemented with K utilization for eleven consecutive years to a Typic Hapludox provided maize productivity similar to that achieved with mineral fertilizers and also promoted optimal nutritional condition for the plants, confirming its potential as a source of agricultural nutrients. The rates of 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge supplemented with K increased soil Ba, Cr and Pb concentration in the topsoil (0-0.10 m), but did not affect Cd. The tested sewage sludge rates did not increase Cd, Cr and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
biosolid, Sequential extraction, Heavy metals, Plant nutrients, Soil pollution, Waste, Metais pesados, Solos - Poluição, Biossólido
Como citar
MERLINO, Luciana Cristina Souza. Bário, cádmio, cromo e chumbo em plantas de milho e em Latossolo que recebeu lodo de esgoto por onze anos consecutivos. 2010. vi, 92 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.