Métodos para estimar perdas em pulverizações de herbicidas em pré-emergência
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Data
2003
Autores
Costa, Augusto Guerreiro Fontoura [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e comparar métodos para estimar perdas em aplicações de herbicidas em pré-emergência, utilizando como traçadores o herbicida tebuthiuron e o corante Azul Brilhante, e diferentes alvos artificiais para coleta de deriva e deposição. Para tanto, foram realizadas duas aplicações em pré-emergência, simultâneas, com pulverizadores de barra equipados com pontas de pulverização modelo SF 11002 espaçadas a 0,5 m e a 0,5 m de altura em relação ao solo. Uma aplicação foi realizada com o traçador herbicida tebuthiuron na formulação suspensão concentrada (Combine 500 SC) e a outra com o traçador Azul Brilhante (FD&C-1), nas concentrações de 0,73 e 0,60% (p.v-1) e com volumes de calda de 167,75 e 163,75 L.ha-1, respectivamente. Para estimar as perdas utilizaram-se bandejas de isopor contendo 100 g de solo espalhados em sua superfície (coletores de deposição com área útil de 0,044288 m2), em 100 repetições, distribuídas dentro da área de aplicação e; fios de náilon de 2 mm de diâmetro (coletores de deriva), fixados na posição vertical de 0 a 5 m de altura em hastes de ferro de 1,59 cm de diâmetro e 6 m de comprimento que foram colocados fora da área de aplicação, nos 4 lados adjacentes (nas posições NO, SO, SE e NE), enfileirados e fixados à distâncias de 1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 m da área aplicada. As alturas dos coletores de deriva foram de 0 a 1, 1 a 2, 2 a 3, 3 a 4 e 4 a 5 m, totalizando 4 repetições para cada distância, em cada área adjacente. Após a aplicação e secagem da calda aplicada, o solo e os fios de náilon retirados dos coletores foram guardados em sacos de polietileno. Para a extração dos traçadores contido no solo oriundo dos coletores de deposição, foram utilizadas 2 porções de 10 g de cada repetição, sendo uma lavada com 50 mL de água destilada, para extrair o Azul Brilhante... .
The aim of this research was to develop and compare methods to estimate herbicide spraying losses in pre emergence application. Two compounds were used as tracer (brilliant blue FD&C-1 and the tebuthiuron herbicide), and two different artificial targets to collect the drift and deposition. Two pre emergence simultaneous sprays were released from two sprayer booms with nozzles model SF 11002 (Jacto S.A.) distant 0.5 m and 0.5 m height. One of the sprayer applied tebuthiuron herbicide and the other brilliant blue. The concentrations used were 0.73% and 0.60% (w/v) the volumes rates were 167.75 L.ha-1 for the tebuthiuron sprayer and 163.75 L.ha-1 for the brilliant blue. It was used to estimate the drift loss deposition colectors made of foam (trays with 100 g of soil spread on its superfice with 0.044288 m2). A hundred trays were distributed in the application area resulting in 100 repetitions. Drift collectors (nylon threads of 2 mm diameter vertically fixed between 0-5 m height on iron stens with 1.59 cm diameter and 6 m length) were placed around the application area. The drift collectors were placed in all directions (NW, SW, SE and NE) at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 m distant and 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 m height com 4 repetitions for each distance. After the sprays the soil and the nylon threads were put in a plastic bag. The analysis of the tracers in the soil samples were realized with 50 mL of destilated water to extract the brilliant blue and 50 mL of methyl alcohol to extract the tebuthiuron. The nylon threads were washed with 40 mL destilated water for extract both tracers. The wash solutions were analysed with spectrophotometer to quantify the brilliant blue and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the herbicide tebuthiuron. The drift detected values were analyzed in fatorial design 4x5x5. Gompertz model provided the highest determinations coefficients...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
The aim of this research was to develop and compare methods to estimate herbicide spraying losses in pre emergence application. Two compounds were used as tracer (brilliant blue FD&C-1 and the tebuthiuron herbicide), and two different artificial targets to collect the drift and deposition. Two pre emergence simultaneous sprays were released from two sprayer booms with nozzles model SF 11002 (Jacto S.A.) distant 0.5 m and 0.5 m height. One of the sprayer applied tebuthiuron herbicide and the other brilliant blue. The concentrations used were 0.73% and 0.60% (w/v) the volumes rates were 167.75 L.ha-1 for the tebuthiuron sprayer and 163.75 L.ha-1 for the brilliant blue. It was used to estimate the drift loss deposition colectors made of foam (trays with 100 g of soil spread on its superfice with 0.044288 m2). A hundred trays were distributed in the application area resulting in 100 repetitions. Drift collectors (nylon threads of 2 mm diameter vertically fixed between 0-5 m height on iron stens with 1.59 cm diameter and 6 m length) were placed around the application area. The drift collectors were placed in all directions (NW, SW, SE and NE) at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 m distant and 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 m height com 4 repetitions for each distance. After the sprays the soil and the nylon threads were put in a plastic bag. The analysis of the tracers in the soil samples were realized with 50 mL of destilated water to extract the brilliant blue and 50 mL of methyl alcohol to extract the tebuthiuron. The nylon threads were washed with 40 mL destilated water for extract both tracers. The wash solutions were analysed with spectrophotometer to quantify the brilliant blue and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the herbicide tebuthiuron. The drift detected values were analyzed in fatorial design 4x5x5. Gompertz model provided the highest determinations coefficients...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pulverização, Herbicidas, Pulverizador de barra, Metodologia, Drift
Como citar
COSTA, Augusto Guerreiro Fontoura. Métodos para estimar perdas em pulverizações de herbicidas em pré-emergência. 2003. v, 53 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2003.