Avaliação da remoção de compostos farmacológicos em filtro ecológico seguido por filtro de carvão granular biologicamente ativado
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Data
2011-07-08
Autores
Erba, Caroline Moço [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento na contaminação dos mananciais destinados ao abastecimento público por fármacos e sua freqüente ocorrência no ambiente aquático e na água potável tem levantado a questão sobre o seu impacto no ambiente e na saúde pública. Estes compostos constituem uma classe de micropoluentes ambientais de elevada persistência na água e de difícil remoção em sistemas convencionais de tratamento de água. Possuem alto potencial para bioacumulação e baixa biodegradabilidade, podendo ter efeitos adversos. O uso de filtro lento de areia com ação ecológica, melhor denominado como “Sistema de Purificação Ecológica”, representa uma promissora tecnologia de tratamento, em razão desta não necessitar da aplicação de produtos químicos, bem como sua constatada capacidade em remoção de diversos compostos. Através deste processo pode-se oferecer água de baixo custo, insípida, inodora, incolor e segura. Dentro do tanque de filtração ecológica estabelece-se entre os seres vivos, a relação de cadeia alimentar. O uso de filtros de carvão biologicamente ativado para remoção de fármacos vem sendo estudado, e mostrando grande eficiência. Nessa pesquisa foram aplicados quatro compostos farmacológicos diferentes (Diclofenaco, Naproxeno, Ibuprofeno e Paracetamol), e houve remoção de todos eles, tanto no FEco como no FCB durante as etapas 1, 2 e 3. Outros parâmetros analisados, como turbidez, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, também foram removidos. Foi identificada grande variedade de algas e cianobactérias no Filtro Ecológico, e os resultados obtidos permitem supor que tiveram importantíssima ação nesse filtro, sendo um dos compartimentos biológicos mais importantes, representando a base de toda a cadeia trófica deste sistema. As porcentagens de remoção dos fármacos foram: diclofenaco: 97,43%, ibuprofeno: 85,03%, naproxeno: 94,11% e paracetamol: 84,07%
The increase in the contamination of water sources for public supply by drugs and the frequent occurrence in the aquatic environment and drinking water has raised the question of its impact on the environment and public health. These compounds are a class of highly persistent environmental micropollutants in water and difficult to remove in conventional water treatment. Have high potential for bioaccumulation and low biodegradability, which can have adverse effects. The use of slow sand filter with eco- action, better known as Ecological Purification System, represents a promising treatment technology, because this does not require the application of chemicals, as well as its observed ability to remove various compounds. Through this process we can offer low-cost water, tasteless, odorless, colorless and safe.Within the ecological filtration tank is between living beings, the relationship of the food chain. The use of biologically activated carbon filters for removal of drugs has been studied, and showing great efficiency. In this research were applied four different pharmacological compounds (Diclofenac, Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Paracetamol) and there was removal of all of them, both as in FEco FCB during steps 1, 2 and 3. Other parameters, turbidity, total and thermotolerant coliforms were also removed. Was identified wide variety of algae and cyanobacteria in ecological filter, and the results obtained allow to suppose that they had important work in this filter, one of the most important biological compartments, representing the basis of the whole food chain of this system. The percentages of removal of drugs were: diclofenac: 97.43%, ibuprofen: 85.03%, naproxen, acetaminophen and 94.11%, 84.07%
The increase in the contamination of water sources for public supply by drugs and the frequent occurrence in the aquatic environment and drinking water has raised the question of its impact on the environment and public health. These compounds are a class of highly persistent environmental micropollutants in water and difficult to remove in conventional water treatment. Have high potential for bioaccumulation and low biodegradability, which can have adverse effects. The use of slow sand filter with eco- action, better known as Ecological Purification System, represents a promising treatment technology, because this does not require the application of chemicals, as well as its observed ability to remove various compounds. Through this process we can offer low-cost water, tasteless, odorless, colorless and safe.Within the ecological filtration tank is between living beings, the relationship of the food chain. The use of biologically activated carbon filters for removal of drugs has been studied, and showing great efficiency. In this research were applied four different pharmacological compounds (Diclofenac, Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Paracetamol) and there was removal of all of them, both as in FEco FCB during steps 1, 2 and 3. Other parameters, turbidity, total and thermotolerant coliforms were also removed. Was identified wide variety of algae and cyanobacteria in ecological filter, and the results obtained allow to suppose that they had important work in this filter, one of the most important biological compartments, representing the basis of the whole food chain of this system. The percentages of removal of drugs were: diclofenac: 97.43%, ibuprofen: 85.03%, naproxen, acetaminophen and 94.11%, 84.07%
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agua - Purificação, Carbono ativado, Filtros e filtração, Fármacos, Cianobacteria, Ecological purification system
Como citar
ERBA, Caroline Moço. Avaliação da remoção de compostos farmacológicos em filtro ecológico seguido por filtro de carvão granular biologicamente ativado. 2011.. 131 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2011..