Caracterização citogenética das espécies matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus), piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) e sua geração filial, utilizados na piscicultura brasileira
Data
2011-04-04
Autores
Paes, Ana Danyelle Noitel Valim de Arruda [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A hibridação interespecífica é considerada por diversos autores um método de melhoramento genético de difícil compreensão, uma vez que os produtos obtidos do acasalamento de diferentes espécies podem originar diversos produtos genéticos tais como Ginogenéticos e Androgenéticos Haplóides ou Diplóides, Híbridos Diplóides simples, Triplóides ou até indivíduos Tetraplóides. A aplicação da hibridação Interespecífica é utilizada no sistema de manejo nas grandes Pisciculturas que visa produzir animais que possuam melhor desempenho que as espécies parentais (vigor híbrido), como o aumento da taxa de crescimento, melhor qualidade da carne, resistência a doenças e capacidade de tolerar variações ambientais, além do aperfeiçoamento de diversas outras características a fim produzir peixes mais proveitosos para o cultivo. Dentre aproximadamente 40 espécies de peixes de interesse comercial no Brasil, destaca-se o gênero Brycon, de grande interesse nos centros de Pisciculturas devido à qualidade da carne, ao hábito alimentar, ao rápido crescimento e ganho de peso.Com o objetivo de compreender o mecanismo de hibridação, foram analisados 10 exemplares de cada espécie parental B.amazonicus (Matrinxã) e B.hilarii (Piraputanga) e 10 exemplares da respectiva geração Filial. Através da técnica de coloração com Giemsa, observou-se um conjunto diplóide 2n = 50 cromossomos em todos os indivíduos analisados das espécies parentais e da geração Filial. No entanto, houve diferenciação na formação cariotípica dos parentais e da geração filial.O parental Matrinxã (B.amazonicus) e sua geração Filial apresentaram uma constituição cariotíca de seis cromossomos do tipo metacêntrico, nove cromossomos submetacêntrico e dez cromossomos subtelocêntrico, enquanto que o parental Piraputanga (B.hilarii) apresentou uma constituição cariotípica de dez pares...
Interspecific hybridization is considered by many authors as a method of breeding that is difficult to understand, since the mating products obtained from different species can cause many genetic products, such as gynogenetic and androgenetic haploid or diploid, diploid hybrid simple, triploid or even individuals tetraploids. The application of Interspecific hybridization is used in the management system in major fisheries that aims to produce animals that have better performance than the parental species (hybrid vigor), as increased growth rate, meat quality, disease resistance and ability to tolerate environmental changes besides the improvement of several other characteristics in order to produce more profitable fish farming.Out of approximately 40 fish species of commercial interest in Brazil, there is the genus Brycon, of great interest in the centers of fish farms due to meat quality, the feeding habits of the rapid growth and weight gain. Aiming to understand the mechanism of hybridization, we analyzed 10 specimens of each parental species B.amazonicus (Matrinxã) and B.hilarii (Piraputanga) and 10 of filial generation. By staining with Giemsa, all specimens analyzed have a number diploid with 2n = 50 chromosomes. However, there was karyotypic differentiation in the formation of parental and filial generation. The parental Matrinxã (B.amazonicus) and his generation branch had a karyotype constitution of six chromosomes of metacentric type, nine submetacentric chromosomes and ten subtelocêntric chromosomes, while the parental Piraputanga (B.hilarii) showed a karyotype constitution of ten pairs of chromosomes metacentric, nine pairs of chromosomes submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes pairs.The detection of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (RONs) was obtained by the technique of impregnation by silver nitrate (Ag-NORs) that showed markings on the telomeric region... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Interspecific hybridization is considered by many authors as a method of breeding that is difficult to understand, since the mating products obtained from different species can cause many genetic products, such as gynogenetic and androgenetic haploid or diploid, diploid hybrid simple, triploid or even individuals tetraploids. The application of Interspecific hybridization is used in the management system in major fisheries that aims to produce animals that have better performance than the parental species (hybrid vigor), as increased growth rate, meat quality, disease resistance and ability to tolerate environmental changes besides the improvement of several other characteristics in order to produce more profitable fish farming.Out of approximately 40 fish species of commercial interest in Brazil, there is the genus Brycon, of great interest in the centers of fish farms due to meat quality, the feeding habits of the rapid growth and weight gain. Aiming to understand the mechanism of hybridization, we analyzed 10 specimens of each parental species B.amazonicus (Matrinxã) and B.hilarii (Piraputanga) and 10 of filial generation. By staining with Giemsa, all specimens analyzed have a number diploid with 2n = 50 chromosomes. However, there was karyotypic differentiation in the formation of parental and filial generation. The parental Matrinxã (B.amazonicus) and his generation branch had a karyotype constitution of six chromosomes of metacentric type, nine submetacentric chromosomes and ten subtelocêntric chromosomes, while the parental Piraputanga (B.hilarii) showed a karyotype constitution of ten pairs of chromosomes metacentric, nine pairs of chromosomes submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes pairs.The detection of Nucleolar Organizer Regions (RONs) was obtained by the technique of impregnation by silver nitrate (Ag-NORs) that showed markings on the telomeric region... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Genetica animal, Brycon, Peixe - Genetica, Ginogênese
Como citar
PAES, Ana Danyelle Noitel Valim de Arruda. Caracterização citogenética das espécies matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus), piraputanga (Brycon hilarii) e sua geração filial, utilizados na piscicultura brasileira. 2011. 84 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2011.