Estrutura trófica da comunidade de peixes de riachos da bacia do rio Itanhaém, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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2009-04-09
Autores
Silva, André Teixeira da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo foi organizado de maneira a compreender as relações tróficas da ictiofauna estabelecida em diferentes riachos da Bacia do rio Itanhaém, considerando as particularidades em relação às características morfológicas e físico-químicas de cada um destes. Foram considerados nove riachos presentes na zona de planície da bacia do rio Itanhaém, que foram amostrados em duas campanhas (maio e novembro de 2006). Foi determinado um trecho de 50 metros em cada riacho, que foi percorrido no sentido jusante-montante utilizando-se de um aparelho de pesca elétrica. Neste mesmo trecho foram obtidos os dados abióticos: largura, profundidade, velocidade de corrente, substrato predominante, oxigênio, pH, condutividade, turbidez, temperatura da água, tipo de vegetação adjacente, estado de preservação da vegetação ciliar e cobertura da vegetação. Os itens preferenciais foram determinados a partir do Índice de Kawakami & Vazzoler, e a comparação entre os diferentes riachos e campanhas (quando o número de estômagos com alimento permitiu essas comparações) foi realizada com uma Análise de Agrupamento utilizando-se do Índice de Morisita e o método de ligação adotado foi o UPGMA. A amplitude de nicho de cada espécie foi calculada a partir do índice de Levins. As espécies foram distribuídas em grupos tróficos a parti dos itens predominantes, como segue: Carnívoros Predadores, Insetívoros, Herbívoros, Perifitívoros, Detritívoros, Onívoros Bentônicos e Onívoros. Os riachos foram ordenados utilizando-se da Análise de Escalonamento Multidimensional Não Métrica (NMDS) e as distâncias utilizadas para as ordenações foram: Índice de Morisita, para verificar a proporção em biomassa de cada grupo trófico; Índice de Bray-Curtis, para ordenar os riachos em relação às características abióticas. A relação entre as variáveis consideradas e as dimensões...
The purpose of this study was to understand the trophic relationships which have been established for the fish species at distinct streams of the Itanhaém river basin. For this purpose the morphologic and physic-chemical properties of distinct streams were also considered. Nine distinct streams at the low flooding part of the system were sampled during two distinct field campaigns (march and november, 2006). In each of them a 50 m segment was sampled, by sampling in the sense direction from the river mouth to the water source. An electric fishing device was used to catch the fish. At the same places where fish were caught, abiotic data were also obtained: stream width, depth, current flow speed, main substrate composition, dissolved oxygen, water pH, conductivity, turbidity, water temperature, marginal vegetation, its preservation state, vegetation cover. The fish food preferential items were determined by using the Kawakami-Vazzoler Index, and the comparison for different streams and campaigns (when the stomach numbers contents were sufficient to permit analyses) was calculated by the use of the Grouping Analysis using the Simpson Index and the connection method adopted by the UPGMA. The species width niche, for each one of them was calculated using the Levins Index. The fish species were distributed at distinct trophic groups by the inspection of the predominant items, as follows: carnivorous-predator, insectivorous, herbivorous, perifitivorous, detritivorous, benthonic omnivorous and omnivorous species. The streams were classified at distinct by the use of the Non-Metric Multidimentional Scaling analysis (NMDS). The distances used for the ordenations were: Morisita Index, to verify the streams ordenation related to the proportion of the fish mass of each trophic group; the Euclidian distance to ordenate the streams in relation to the abiotic properties... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The purpose of this study was to understand the trophic relationships which have been established for the fish species at distinct streams of the Itanhaém river basin. For this purpose the morphologic and physic-chemical properties of distinct streams were also considered. Nine distinct streams at the low flooding part of the system were sampled during two distinct field campaigns (march and november, 2006). In each of them a 50 m segment was sampled, by sampling in the sense direction from the river mouth to the water source. An electric fishing device was used to catch the fish. At the same places where fish were caught, abiotic data were also obtained: stream width, depth, current flow speed, main substrate composition, dissolved oxygen, water pH, conductivity, turbidity, water temperature, marginal vegetation, its preservation state, vegetation cover. The fish food preferential items were determined by using the Kawakami-Vazzoler Index, and the comparison for different streams and campaigns (when the stomach numbers contents were sufficient to permit analyses) was calculated by the use of the Grouping Analysis using the Simpson Index and the connection method adopted by the UPGMA. The species width niche, for each one of them was calculated using the Levins Index. The fish species were distributed at distinct trophic groups by the inspection of the predominant items, as follows: carnivorous-predator, insectivorous, herbivorous, perifitivorous, detritivorous, benthonic omnivorous and omnivorous species. The streams were classified at distinct by the use of the Non-Metric Multidimentional Scaling analysis (NMDS). The distances used for the ordenations were: Morisita Index, to verify the streams ordenation related to the proportion of the fish mass of each trophic group; the Euclidian distance to ordenate the streams in relation to the abiotic properties... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixe, Animais - Alimentos, Grupos tróficos, Riachos de água preta, Bacias costeiras, Fish, Feeding, Trophic groups, Black water streams, Coastal basins
Como citar
SILVA, André Teixeira da. Estrutura trófica da comunidade de peixes de riachos da bacia do rio Itanhaém, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. 2009. 97 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2009.