Toxicidade de formicidas utilizados em pastagens sobre a formiga não-alvo Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae) e seus efeitos na dinâmica populacional em condições de laboratório
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Data
2007-04-27
Autores
Tofolo, Viviane Cristina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar conhecer os efeitos de três substâncias químicas, sulfluramida, fipronil e clorpirifós, sobre a espécie de formiga não-alvo Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), respondendo às seguintes questões: as marcas comerciais de iscas formicidas granuladas utilizadas neste trabalho são atrativas a esta espécie de formiga não-alvo ou simplesmente repelentes? Sendo atrativas, qual o comportamento exercido pelas operárias? Elas ingerem as iscas no local ou carregam para o interior do ninho? Há devolução? Em condições de múltipla escolha alimentar, esta atratividade permanece ou ocorre somente na ausência do alimento convencional? No que acarreta o contato direto e indireto das formigas com as iscas? Ocorre mortalidade significativa? Qual dos ingredientes ativos é mais prejudicial? Os produtos são seletivos? Os resultados obtidos através dos testes em laboratório revelaram que, em condições normais de exposição, as operárias de E. brunneum não foram repelidas pelas iscas formicidas. No entanto, não houve atratividade suficiente para induzir o carregamento ou ingestão. Quando esse material foi umedecido, a atratividade aumentou significativamente, permitindo que porções das iscas fossem ingeridas na própria arena de forrageamento ou carregadas para o interior do ninho e distribuídas aos outros indivíduos, não sendo registrada, em nenhum dos tratamentos, a devolução total ou parcial das porções carregadas. Após 48 horas de exposição, os três ingredientes ativos foram tóxicos, de modo que a população foi reduzida em 35,56% no tratamento com clorpirifós, 31,11% com sulfluramida e 30% com fipronil ao final de 20 dias de observação. As iscas à base de fipronil foram mais atrativas que as de sulfluramida e clorpirifós...
This work aimed at contributing to a better knowledge on the effects of three chemical substances, sulfluramid, fipronil and chlorpyrifos, on the non-target species of ant Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), answering the following questions: are the brands of granulated insecticide baits employed in this work attractive to this species of non-target ant or are they just repellent? If attractive, what is the behavior exhibited by the workers? Do they ingest the baits in the spot or take them into the nest? Is there any devolution? Under conditions of multiple food choice, does this attractiveness remain or does it happen only in the lack of the conventional food? What is the outcome of direct or indirect contact between the ants and the baits? Is there significant mortality? Which of the active ingredients is the most harmful? Are the products selective? The results obtained from the tests in laboratory showed that, under conditions of normal exposure, the workers of E. brunneum were not repelled by the insecticide baits. Nevertheless, there was not enough attractiveness as to lead to transporting or ingesting. When the material was moistened, the attractiveness increased significantly, allowing portions of bait to be ingested at the very foraging arena or to be taken into the nest and distributed to the other individuals. Total or partial devolution of the portions carried was not observed in any of the treatments. After a 48 hour exposure the three active ingredients proved to be toxic, for the population was reduced in 35.56% in the treatment with chlorpyrifos, 31.11% with sulfluramid and 30% with fipronil at the end of 20 days of observation. The fipronil based baits were more attractive than the ones based on sulfluramid and chlorpyrifos...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work aimed at contributing to a better knowledge on the effects of three chemical substances, sulfluramid, fipronil and chlorpyrifos, on the non-target species of ant Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae), answering the following questions: are the brands of granulated insecticide baits employed in this work attractive to this species of non-target ant or are they just repellent? If attractive, what is the behavior exhibited by the workers? Do they ingest the baits in the spot or take them into the nest? Is there any devolution? Under conditions of multiple food choice, does this attractiveness remain or does it happen only in the lack of the conventional food? What is the outcome of direct or indirect contact between the ants and the baits? Is there significant mortality? Which of the active ingredients is the most harmful? Are the products selective? The results obtained from the tests in laboratory showed that, under conditions of normal exposure, the workers of E. brunneum were not repelled by the insecticide baits. Nevertheless, there was not enough attractiveness as to lead to transporting or ingesting. When the material was moistened, the attractiveness increased significantly, allowing portions of bait to be ingested at the very foraging arena or to be taken into the nest and distributed to the other individuals. Total or partial devolution of the portions carried was not observed in any of the treatments. After a 48 hour exposure the three active ingredients proved to be toxic, for the population was reduced in 35.56% in the treatment with chlorpyrifos, 31.11% with sulfluramid and 30% with fipronil at the end of 20 days of observation. The fipronil based baits were more attractive than the ones based on sulfluramid and chlorpyrifos...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Formiga, Iscas granuladas, Sulfluramida, Fipronil, Clorpirifós, Ectatomma brunneum, Formicidae, Sulfluramid, Chlorpyrifos, Granulated bait, Ants
Como citar
TOFOLO, Viviane Cristina. Toxicidade de formicidas utilizados em pastagens sobre a formiga não-alvo Ectatomma brunneum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae) e seus efeitos na dinâmica populacional em condições de laboratório. 2007. 80 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2007.