Interações sociais em Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae): os contextos da comunicação acústica e visual
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Data
2012-10-31
Autores
Ramalho, Carlos Eduardo Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A forma de comunicação mais estudada em anuros é a acústica, porém estudos atuais, inclusive com espécies de hábito noturno, demonstram que a comunicação visual também tem grande importância neste grupo. Este trabalho procurou compreender os contextos sociais e estímulos envolvidos na comunicação acústica e visual em Hypsiboas albopunctatus em uma lagoa e brejos no município de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) verificar a influência do tamanho corporal de machos e temperatura do ar nas características físicas dos cantos (frequência dominante e duração das notas); (2) avaliar a influência do número de machos presentes no coro sobre a taxa de repetição de notas agressivas e de anúncio; (3) avaliar os fatores relacionados à emissão de notas agressivas e de anúncio por meio de observações diretas e experimentos de playback com machos no campo, utilizando diferentes tipos de canto; e (4) avaliar os fatores relacionados à emissão de sinais visuais pelos machos através de observações diretas e playbacks na presença e ausência de um macho intruso. Encontrou-se uma correlação negativa entre a massa corpórea e CRC (comprimento rostro-cloacal) do macho com frequência dominante e duração das notas agressivas, indicando que tais características podem ser utilizadas tanto por rivais quanto por fêmeas para avaliar o tamanho dos machos. Porém, características físicas dos cantos não tiveram correlação com a temperatura do ar, provavelmente devido ao fato dos dados terem sido coletados apenas na estação chuvosa, quando há pouca variação na temperatura. O número de machos no coro influenciou no número de notas agressivas emitidas; machos vocalizando em coros maiores emitiram menos notas agressivas, mostrando um provável aumento de limites de tolerância para...
The most studied form of communication in frogs is the acoustic one, but current studies have shown that visual communication is also important in this group, even in nocturnal species. We aimed to understand the social contexts and stimuli involved in the acoustic and visual communications of Hypsiboas albopunctatus in a pond and wetlands, in the municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to verify the influence of male body size and air temperature on the physical characteristics of the calls (dominant frequency and duration of notes), (2) to evaluate the influence of the number of males in the chorus on the repetition rate of aggressive and advertisement notes, (3) to evaluate the factors related to the emission of aggressive and advertisement notes through direct observations and playback experiments carried out in the field, using different types of calls, and (4) to evaluate the factors related to the emission of visual signals by males through direct observations and playback experiments with and without the presence of an intruder male. Dominant frequency and duration of aggressive notes were negatively correlated with male SVL (snout vent length) and body mass, suggesting that these traits might be used by females and rivals to evaluate male size. However, there was no correlation of any physical characteristics of the calls with air temperature, probably because data have been collected during the rainy season, when there is less variation in temperature. The chorus size influenced the number of aggressive notes emitted, i. e., focal males emitted less aggressive notes in larger chorus, which suggest an increase of tolerance regarding calls of neighbor males in larger chorus, allowing the resident males to defend their territories less aggressively, while maximizing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The most studied form of communication in frogs is the acoustic one, but current studies have shown that visual communication is also important in this group, even in nocturnal species. We aimed to understand the social contexts and stimuli involved in the acoustic and visual communications of Hypsiboas albopunctatus in a pond and wetlands, in the municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to verify the influence of male body size and air temperature on the physical characteristics of the calls (dominant frequency and duration of notes), (2) to evaluate the influence of the number of males in the chorus on the repetition rate of aggressive and advertisement notes, (3) to evaluate the factors related to the emission of aggressive and advertisement notes through direct observations and playback experiments carried out in the field, using different types of calls, and (4) to evaluate the factors related to the emission of visual signals by males through direct observations and playback experiments with and without the presence of an intruder male. Dominant frequency and duration of aggressive notes were negatively correlated with male SVL (snout vent length) and body mass, suggesting that these traits might be used by females and rivals to evaluate male size. However, there was no correlation of any physical characteristics of the calls with air temperature, probably because data have been collected during the rainy season, when there is less variation in temperature. The chorus size influenced the number of aggressive notes emitted, i. e., focal males emitted less aggressive notes in larger chorus, which suggest an increase of tolerance regarding calls of neighbor males in larger chorus, allowing the resident males to defend their territories less aggressively, while maximizing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Anura, Anuro, Animais - Comunicação, Animais - Comportamento, Som produzido por animais, Territorialidade (Zoologia), Frogs - Acoustic communication
Como citar
RAMALHO, Carlos Eduardo Santos. Interações sociais em Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Anura, Hylidae): os contextos da comunicação acústica e visual. 2012. 46 f. Dissertação - (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2012.