Estudo da dieta do Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758) e Ocyrus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791), teleostei :perciformes: lutjanidae, no banco dos abrolhos, Bahia, Brasil e pesca das principais espécies de lutjanídeos e serranídeos na região
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Data
2009-03-20
Autores
Fonseca, Juliana Fernandes da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Um dos fatores mais importantes para o sucesso no estabelecimento das póslarvas e para a sobrevivência e sucesso reprodutivo de peixes juvenis e adultos é a abundância e disponibilidade de alimento. Apesar de existirem informações sobre a dieta de Lutjanus synagris e Ocyurus chrysurus no Caribe e no Ceará, não existem dados sobre a dieta dessas espécies no Banco dos Abrolhos que representa um dos mais ricos complexos recifais de todo Atlântico sul. O material foi obtido a partir de desembarques pesqueiros nos portos de Caravelas, Prado e Alcobaça (Bahia), entre maio de 2005 e junho de 2006, no âmbito de um programa de amostragem biológica de peixes recifais ameaçados e/ou comercialmente importantes em Abrolhos. Foram analisados 1129 estômagos; o ariocó consumiu principalmente crustáceos (com predominância de carídeos e braquiúros) e em menor quantidade peixes, e a guaiúba se alimentou principalmente de crustáceos planctônicos e de peixes. Diferenças na dieta foram observadas de acordo com as fases de crescimento das espécies. Durante o ciclo anual a dieta do ariocó não variou e a da guaiúba apresentou maior diferença na estação do inverno. O consumo de determinadas presas variou entre dois pontos de coleta, devido a disponibilidade e a abundância dos organismos em cada local. A dieta dos machos e das fêmeas de ambas as espécies foram semelhantes, e a mudança da dieta durante o período reprodutivo relacionou-se ao tamanho dos indivíduos e não ao sexo. Os lutjanídeos e serranídeos representam o principal pescado da região, sendo que, o ariocó e a guaiúba são as espécies mais capturadas e medidas de gerenciamento pesqueiro são necessárias para o uso e conservação dos mesmos.
Food availability and abundance of adult conspecifics are among the most important factors influencing reef fish larval establishment and survival. Though there are some data about Lutjanus synagris (arioco) and Ocyurus chrysurus (guaiuba) feeding habitats in the Caribbean sea and off Ceará coast, there are no other informations for the Brazilian coast, particularly the Abrolhos. This later area represents a very rich reef ecosystem, and is considered the richest and complex system of this kind in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Biological samples were obtained from fishermen from Caravelas, Prado and Alcobaça municipalities (Bahia). A total of 1129 stomach contents of arioco and guaiuba were examined and analyzed. The first species feeds mainly on crustaceans represented by carideans e braquiurans, while juveniles of the second feed mainly on planctonic crustaceans; adults being primarily piscivorous. Ontogenetic differences were observed in relation to diet preferences. These consisted in modifications based on distinct crustaceans ingested by young and adult individuals of arioco, and, on the second case, the diet changes were related to substitution of planktonic crustaceans by fish. Some differences were observed between sampling sites, which reflect the opportunistic feeding behavior of both species. During an annual cycle the diet remained almost the same. Diet of males and females of both species did not differ from each other, and the change during the reproductive cycle was more related to ontogenetic changes than to sex. Lutjanid and Serranid species are the most important fishes caught at the region, and this study indicates that much more research is required in order to establish better policies for fish protection at the system.
Food availability and abundance of adult conspecifics are among the most important factors influencing reef fish larval establishment and survival. Though there are some data about Lutjanus synagris (arioco) and Ocyurus chrysurus (guaiuba) feeding habitats in the Caribbean sea and off Ceará coast, there are no other informations for the Brazilian coast, particularly the Abrolhos. This later area represents a very rich reef ecosystem, and is considered the richest and complex system of this kind in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Biological samples were obtained from fishermen from Caravelas, Prado and Alcobaça municipalities (Bahia). A total of 1129 stomach contents of arioco and guaiuba were examined and analyzed. The first species feeds mainly on crustaceans represented by carideans e braquiurans, while juveniles of the second feed mainly on planctonic crustaceans; adults being primarily piscivorous. Ontogenetic differences were observed in relation to diet preferences. These consisted in modifications based on distinct crustaceans ingested by young and adult individuals of arioco, and, on the second case, the diet changes were related to substitution of planktonic crustaceans by fish. Some differences were observed between sampling sites, which reflect the opportunistic feeding behavior of both species. During an annual cycle the diet remained almost the same. Diet of males and females of both species did not differ from each other, and the change during the reproductive cycle was more related to ontogenetic changes than to sex. Lutjanid and Serranid species are the most important fishes caught at the region, and this study indicates that much more research is required in order to establish better policies for fish protection at the system.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pesca, Peixe - Alimentação, Bahia, Peixes recifais, Fish
Como citar
FONSECA, Juliana Fernandes da. Estudo da dieta do Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, 1758) e Ocyrus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791), teleostei :perciformes: lutjanidae, no banco dos abrolhos, Bahia, Brasil e pesca das principais espécies de lutjanídeos e serranídeos na região. 2009. 146 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, 2009.