Aprimoramento da técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho de aços endurecidos
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Data
2011-05-20
Autores
Oliveira, Danilo de Jesus [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A aplicação mínima da quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) na usinagem dos metais surgiu como uma alternativa para reduzir a abundância de fluidos de corte e, com isso, atingirn produção mais limpa. Na retificação, apesar de ser considerada uma técnica inovadora no aspecto ambiental, sua aplicação é restrita devido à geração excessiva de calor e ao entupimento dos poros do rebolo causado pelos cavacos, prejudicando a qualidade final do produto e aumentando o desgaste da ferramenta. Esta pesquisa buscou aprimorar o uso do MQL usando, além do jato com a mistura ar e óleo injetado na interface rebolo-peça à alta velocidade, um jato de ar comprimidom para minimizar o empastamento do rebolo gerado durante o processo de usinagem pela mistura formada pelo óleo do MQL mais os cavacos. Foram realizados ensaios na retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho do aço ABNT 4340, temperado e revenido com dureza média de 54 HRc, usando rebolo de nitreto de boro cúbico (CBN) com ligante vitrificado. Os métodos de lubri-refrigeração propostos foram o convencional com fluido em abundância, MQL (estes dois sem uso do jato de ar para limpeza do rebolo) e MQL com a limpeza, variando o ângulo de incidência do ar comprimido na superfície de corte do rebolo. Consideram-se as variáveis de saída do processo: rugosidade, desgaste diametral do rebolo, circularidade, além de análises metalográficas e medições de microdureza da superfície retificada para verificação de danos térmicos; de forma a analisar a viabilidade da substituição do tradicional método de aplicação dos fluidos em abundância pelo MQL com a limpeza. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de implementação da técnica da limpeza do rebolo como um aprimoramento tecnológico da mínima quantidade de lubrificante na retificação, reduzindo o consumo dos fluidos de corte. A técnica MQL com limpeza...
The application of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) on machining of metals has emerged as an alternative to reduce the abundance of cutting fluids and then achieve a cleaner production. In grinding, although considered a breakthrough technique in the environmental aspects, its application is restricted due to excessive generation of heat and griding wheel loading caused by the chips, damaging the final product quality and increasing tools wear. The objective of this research was to improve the MQL technique by using an additional jet of compressed air to clean the clogged pores of the wheel. Tests were performed in cylindrical plunge grinding of the ABNT 4340 steel, quanched and tempered (54 HRc) with a vitrified cubic boron nitrite (CBN) grinding wheel. The suggested methods of lubrication were conventional (abundant fluid), MQL (that without the use of air jet to cleaning the wheel) and MQL plus cleaning system, changing the incided angle of the jet of compressed air in the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The performance of the proposal technique was evaluated based on an analysis of the process output variables: roughness, diametric wear of the grinding, roundness, and metallographic analysis plus microhardness measurements of the grounded surface to verify thermal damage incidence. The results showed the possibility of implementing the technique of cleaning as a technological enhancement to minimum quantity of lubricant in the grinding, reducing the use of cutting fluids. The technique MQL plus cleaning system, in a specific incident angle of the compressed air was extremely efficient, resulting in better surface finish, reduced tool wear and free of thermal damage when compared with conventional methods without cleaning of the wheel
The application of minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) on machining of metals has emerged as an alternative to reduce the abundance of cutting fluids and then achieve a cleaner production. In grinding, although considered a breakthrough technique in the environmental aspects, its application is restricted due to excessive generation of heat and griding wheel loading caused by the chips, damaging the final product quality and increasing tools wear. The objective of this research was to improve the MQL technique by using an additional jet of compressed air to clean the clogged pores of the wheel. Tests were performed in cylindrical plunge grinding of the ABNT 4340 steel, quanched and tempered (54 HRc) with a vitrified cubic boron nitrite (CBN) grinding wheel. The suggested methods of lubrication were conventional (abundant fluid), MQL (that without the use of air jet to cleaning the wheel) and MQL plus cleaning system, changing the incided angle of the jet of compressed air in the cutting surface of the grinding wheel. The performance of the proposal technique was evaluated based on an analysis of the process output variables: roughness, diametric wear of the grinding, roundness, and metallographic analysis plus microhardness measurements of the grounded surface to verify thermal damage incidence. The results showed the possibility of implementing the technique of cleaning as a technological enhancement to minimum quantity of lubricant in the grinding, reducing the use of cutting fluids. The technique MQL plus cleaning system, in a specific incident angle of the compressed air was extremely efficient, resulting in better surface finish, reduced tool wear and free of thermal damage when compared with conventional methods without cleaning of the wheel
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Retificação e polimento, Fluidos de corte, Rebolos - Limpeza, Grinding, Cutting fluids, Minimum quantity of lubrificant (MQL), Cleaner production, CBN griding wheel, Wheel cleaning
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Danilo de Jesus. Aprimoramento da técnica da mínima quantidade de lubrificante (MQL) no processo de retificação cilíndrica externa de mergulho de aços endurecidos. 2011. 97 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências, 2011.