Variações genéticas para caracteres silviculturais em progênies e procedências de Dipteryx alata Vogel
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Data
2014-02-28
Autores
Gonzalez Zaruma, Darlin Ulises [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dipteryx alata é uma espécie arbórea que ocorre no Cerrado brasileiro e vem sendo ameaçada pela fragmentação desse bioma. Os frutos e as sementes são explorados pelo homem, sendo a espécie de interesse potencial para o melhoramento genético visando o plantio em larga escala, para a utilização em sistemas agroflorestais e silvipastoris e na recuperação de pastagens. O presente trabalho objetiva a caracterização quantitativa dos recursos genéticos da espécie com vistas à conservação e ao melhoramento genético. As mensurações de altura (ALT), diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), diâmetro médio de copa (DMC), forma do fuste (FOR) e sobrevivência (SOB), foram avaliados aos nove anos após o plantio do Dipteryx alata. Esses caracteres quantitativos foram avaliados pelo método REML/BLUP (máxima verossimilhança restrita/melhor predição linear não viciada) em cada uma das populações isoladamente, com análise de correlações genéticas entre os caracteres estudados. Também foi obtida a divergência genética com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. A avaliação destes caracteres evidenciou acurácias altas nas três procedências: Brasilândia-MS de 0,68 (SOB) a 0,87 (DMC); Campina Verde-MG de 0,66 (SOB) a 0,85 (DMC) e Itarumã-GO de 0,36 (SOB) a 0,92 (DAP), que permitem a utilização deste teste para programas de conservação e melhoramento genético. A maior correlação genética entre os caracteres nas três procedências foi entre o DAP x ALT, que ficou na média de 0,93. O método de otimização de Tocher, com base na distância de Mahalanobis evidenciou dois grupos nas...
Dipteryx alata is a tree species occurring into the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation that has been threatened by intense fragmentation. Fruits and seeds are exploited by man, the species is potential for genetic breeding for planting on large scale in agroforestry and silvipastoril systems, and pasture recovery. The present work aims the quantitative characterization of genetic resources for germplasm preservation and breeding program of Dipteryx alata. Measurements of height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), average of crown diameter (ACD), stem form (FOR) and survival (SUR) were evaluated by the nine years old after planting of Dipteryx alata. These quantitative traits were assessed by REML / BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction) for all three populations individualy with analysis of genetic correlations between traits. Genetic divergence based on the Mahalanobis distance was also obtained. The assessment of these 4 characters showed accuracies in Brasilândia-MS of 0.68 (SUR) to 0.87 (ACD); Campina Verde-MG 0.66 (SUR) to 0.85 (ACD) and Itarumã-GO 0.36 (SUR) to 0.92 (DBH) that allow the use of this trail for conservation and breeding programs. The largest genetic correlation between characters in three provenances was between DAP x ALT, was 0,93. The Tocher optimization method based on the Mahalanobis distance showed two groups in Brasilândia-MS and Campina Verde-MG, and six groups in Itarumã-GO. The joint analysis showed genetic variation among families within and among provenances, which highlights the importance of the trial set up in Selvíria-MS. Based on the proposal to make a thinning of 33,33% (2,6 ) for the offspring plants within each of the origins there was gain of 3,18 % (Brasilândia-MS), 5,75 % (Campina Verde-MG) and 12,64 % (Itarumã -GO) for DAP. There are sufficient genetic variation to carry out germplasm presentation and genetic ...
Dipteryx alata is a tree species occurring into the Brazilian Cerrado vegetation that has been threatened by intense fragmentation. Fruits and seeds are exploited by man, the species is potential for genetic breeding for planting on large scale in agroforestry and silvipastoril systems, and pasture recovery. The present work aims the quantitative characterization of genetic resources for germplasm preservation and breeding program of Dipteryx alata. Measurements of height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH), average of crown diameter (ACD), stem form (FOR) and survival (SUR) were evaluated by the nine years old after planting of Dipteryx alata. These quantitative traits were assessed by REML / BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood / best linear prediction) for all three populations individualy with analysis of genetic correlations between traits. Genetic divergence based on the Mahalanobis distance was also obtained. The assessment of these 4 characters showed accuracies in Brasilândia-MS of 0.68 (SUR) to 0.87 (ACD); Campina Verde-MG 0.66 (SUR) to 0.85 (ACD) and Itarumã-GO 0.36 (SUR) to 0.92 (DBH) that allow the use of this trail for conservation and breeding programs. The largest genetic correlation between characters in three provenances was between DAP x ALT, was 0,93. The Tocher optimization method based on the Mahalanobis distance showed two groups in Brasilândia-MS and Campina Verde-MG, and six groups in Itarumã-GO. The joint analysis showed genetic variation among families within and among provenances, which highlights the importance of the trial set up in Selvíria-MS. Based on the proposal to make a thinning of 33,33% (2,6 ) for the offspring plants within each of the origins there was gain of 3,18 % (Brasilândia-MS), 5,75 % (Campina Verde-MG) and 12,64 % (Itarumã -GO) for DAP. There are sufficient genetic variation to carry out germplasm presentation and genetic ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Genetica florestal, Arvores - Melhoramento genético, Florestas - Conservação, Plantas dos cerrados, Cerrado plants
Como citar
GONZALEZ ZARUMA, Darlin Ulises. Variações genéticas para caracteres silviculturais em progênies e procedências de Dipteryx alata Vogel. 2014. viii, 53 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2014.