Análise micromorfológica e relação com atributos de um solo sob diferentes usos e manejos
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Data
2011-12-09
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As modificações antrópicas, causadas por atividades como cultivo e tráfego de máquinas, afetam diretamente a estrutura do solo, causando diminuição da estabilidade de agregados, aumento da densidade, alterações na porosidade e menor disponibilidade de água e aeração e, conseqüentemente, diminuição do desenvolvimento normal das plantas. A observação da morfologia do solo possibilita visualização da estrutura e do espaço poroso do solo em sua forma natural, tornando a micromorfologia e a análise de imagens ferramentas importantes na interpretação dos efeitos do manejo. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos sistemas de uso e manejo sobre os atributos de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, com auxílio da micromorfologia do solo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, com os seguintes tratamentos empregados por 19 anos consecutivos: arado de discos com atuação até a profundidade de 0,20 a 0,25 m + duas gradagens niveladoras, grade pesada com atuação até a profundidade de 0,15 a 0,18 m + duas gradagens niveladoras, semeadura direta, pousio com vegetação espontânea e mata. Foram determinados os seguintes atributos: curva de retenção de água, infiltração de água no solo, matéria orgânica, fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica, densidade do solo, porosidade, resistência do solo à penetração, argila dispersa em água, distribuição de agregados por tamanho e diâmetro médio ponderado. Além disso, foi realizada a análise de imagens dos blocos, para a determinação da macroporosidade, e a análise de âminas delgadas para o estudo da porosidade e estrutura do solo. As amostras indeformadas e deformadas foram coletadas nas camadas de 0,0-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m. A análise micromorfológica...
The anthropogenic changes caused by activities such as farming and machinery traffic directly affect soil structure, causing a decrease in aggregate stability, increased in soil bulk density, changes in porosity, permeability, lower availability of water and aeration and, consequently, the decrease in the normal development of plants. The observation of soil in its natural form provides better visualization of the structure and behavior of the soil pore space, making the micromorphology and image analysis tools important in interpreting effects of management. This study had as objective to evaluate the effect of the use and management systems on the attributes of a dystroferric Red Nitosol, with the aid of soil micromorphology. The experiment was analysed as a completely randomized design with four replications, and the following treatments employed for 19 consecutive years: disc plow acting to a depth from 0.20 to 0.25 m + two soft harrowings, heavy disc harrow acting to a depth from 0.15 to 0.18 m + two soft harrowings, no tillage, fallow with natural vegetation and forest. The following soil attributes were determined: water retention curve, water infiltration, organic matter, quantification of the humic fractions, bulk density, porosity, resistance to penetration, dispersed clay, distribution of aggregates by size classes and mean weight diameter. The block image analysis were performed to determine the macroporosity, and the analysis of thin sections to study the porosity and soil structure. The undisturbed and disturbed samples were collected in two layers, between 0.0 to 0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m. The soil micromorphological and micromorfometric analysis allows to characterize the effect of soil use and management... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The anthropogenic changes caused by activities such as farming and machinery traffic directly affect soil structure, causing a decrease in aggregate stability, increased in soil bulk density, changes in porosity, permeability, lower availability of water and aeration and, consequently, the decrease in the normal development of plants. The observation of soil in its natural form provides better visualization of the structure and behavior of the soil pore space, making the micromorphology and image analysis tools important in interpreting effects of management. This study had as objective to evaluate the effect of the use and management systems on the attributes of a dystroferric Red Nitosol, with the aid of soil micromorphology. The experiment was analysed as a completely randomized design with four replications, and the following treatments employed for 19 consecutive years: disc plow acting to a depth from 0.20 to 0.25 m + two soft harrowings, heavy disc harrow acting to a depth from 0.15 to 0.18 m + two soft harrowings, no tillage, fallow with natural vegetation and forest. The following soil attributes were determined: water retention curve, water infiltration, organic matter, quantification of the humic fractions, bulk density, porosity, resistance to penetration, dispersed clay, distribution of aggregates by size classes and mean weight diameter. The block image analysis were performed to determine the macroporosity, and the analysis of thin sections to study the porosity and soil structure. The undisturbed and disturbed samples were collected in two layers, between 0.0 to 0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m. The soil micromorphological and micromorfometric analysis allows to characterize the effect of soil use and management... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Manejo, Fisica do solo, Management systems, Soils - Physical attributes
Como citar
GONÇALVES, Fernanda Coelho. Análise micromorfológica e relação com atributos de um solo sob diferentes usos e manejos. 2011. ix, 97 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade EStadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2011.