Respostas fisiológicas e fitotécnicas do algodoeiro à luminosidade e à elevada temperatura noturna
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2012-08-24
Autores
Echer, Fabio Rafael [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O algodoeiro é considerado um dos fotossistemas mais complexos entre as plantas cultivadas, com alta demanda por luminosidade. A hipótese foi de que o efeito do sombreamento sobre a produtividade e qualidade de fibra do algodoeiro depende da sua época de incidência e da população de plantas. Foram conduzidos experimentos em Paranapanema- SP (espaçamentos de 0,48; 0,75 e 0,96 cm); Primavera do Leste – MT (espaçamentos de 0,45 e 0,76 m) e Chapadão do Céu – GO, (espaçamentos de 0,45 e 0,90 m). A redução da luz incidida foi de 50%, durante 7-10 dias, no início de cada estádio fenológico: B1 (1º botão floral), F1 (1ª flor), F7 (1ª flor no 7o nó), C3 (1º capulho no 3o nó) e o controle sem sombra. O efeito da idade da folha e do sombreamento foi avaliado em casa de vegetação na FCA/Unesp em Botucatu, SP, sendo construídas curvas de resposta das trocas gasosas à densidade de fótons em função da idade da folha; do sombreamento em função da idade da folha e do sombreamento em função da densidade de fótons. Não houve interação do espaçamento com a época de incidência da sombra sobre a produtividade e na qualidade da fibra, pois as folhas mais velhas, da parte inferior do dossel, necessitam de menos luz para atingirem a saturação luminosa. A sombra reduziu o potencial fotossintético da folha e o seu efeito foi maior que a diminuição causada pela idade da folha. Folhas jovens sombreadas não recuperaram a sua capacidade fotossintética, mesmo após receberem fluxo crescente de fótons. O aumento da temperatura noturna diminuiu o conteúdo de carboidratos disponíveis aos frutos, entretanto o estádio fenológico que é mais sensível não está definido. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alta temperatura noturna sobre componentes fotossintéticos e de produção do algodoeiro nas fases de botão...
Cotton plant, as a C3 photosynthetic mechanism, is extremely dependent of good conditions of luminosity. The hypothesis was that the effect of shading on yield and fiber quality depends on shading stage and plant population. Three sets of experiments were conducted in the field, one in Paranapanema, SP, during a normal growing season (row width of 0.48, 0.75 and 0.96 m); the second in Primavera do Leste - MT, as a second crop (0.45 and 0.76 m) and last one in Chapadão do Céu - GO, also as a second crop (0.45 and 0.90 m). The row width ranged from 0.45 to 0.96 m, and shading periods were B1, F1, F7, C3, and a control treatment. The reduction of incident light was 50% for 7 days in Paranapanema and 10 days in Chapadão do Céu and Primavera do Leste. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in Botucatu, SP. Curves of gas exchange response to photon density as a function of leaf age were fitted, also the effect of shading as a function of leaf aging and shading as a function of photon density were investigated. There was no significant interaction between row spacing and shading periods on cotton yield and fiber quality in any of the three sets of field experiments, because the oldest leaves of the lower canopy, require less light to reach the light saturation point. Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic potential and its effect was greater than the decrease caused due to leaf aging. Young leaves shaded did not recover their photosynthetic capacity, even after increasing photon flux density. Increasing high night temperatures has been reported to decrease the content of available carbohydrate to cotton fruits, however the phenological stage which is more sensitive to this effect has not been defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high night temperature on the carbohydrate content, photosynthetic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Cotton plant, as a C3 photosynthetic mechanism, is extremely dependent of good conditions of luminosity. The hypothesis was that the effect of shading on yield and fiber quality depends on shading stage and plant population. Three sets of experiments were conducted in the field, one in Paranapanema, SP, during a normal growing season (row width of 0.48, 0.75 and 0.96 m); the second in Primavera do Leste - MT, as a second crop (0.45 and 0.76 m) and last one in Chapadão do Céu - GO, also as a second crop (0.45 and 0.90 m). The row width ranged from 0.45 to 0.96 m, and shading periods were B1, F1, F7, C3, and a control treatment. The reduction of incident light was 50% for 7 days in Paranapanema and 10 days in Chapadão do Céu and Primavera do Leste. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in Botucatu, SP. Curves of gas exchange response to photon density as a function of leaf age were fitted, also the effect of shading as a function of leaf aging and shading as a function of photon density were investigated. There was no significant interaction between row spacing and shading periods on cotton yield and fiber quality in any of the three sets of field experiments, because the oldest leaves of the lower canopy, require less light to reach the light saturation point. Shading reduced leaf photosynthetic potential and its effect was greater than the decrease caused due to leaf aging. Young leaves shaded did not recover their photosynthetic capacity, even after increasing photon flux density. Increasing high night temperatures has been reported to decrease the content of available carbohydrate to cotton fruits, however the phenological stage which is more sensitive to this effect has not been defined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high night temperature on the carbohydrate content, photosynthetic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Algodão - Espaçamento, Fotossintese, Produtividade agrícola, Polinização, Cotton, Photosynthesis
Como citar
ECHER, Fabio Rafael. Respostas fisiológicas e fitotécnicas do algodoeiro à luminosidade e à elevada temperatura noturna. 2012. xvi, 127 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2012.