Efeitos da prática de exercício físico regular na saúde mental de estudantes universitários
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2022-12-09
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudantes universitários estão expostos a diversas situações estressoras ao longo da trajetória acadêmica, e por isso, são considerados uma população de alto risco para prevalência e diagnósticos de psicopatologias, como ansiedade e depressão. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse trabalho foi contribuir para ampliar o conhecimento dessa temática na comunidade científica, bem como chamar a atenção para a saúde geral de estudantes universitários, e levantar propostas de mudança, consistindo na execução de três pesquisas divididas em três capítulos. O Capítulo 1 possui objetivo de realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura com metanálise, para identificar os efeitos do exercício ou atividade física em estudantes universitários, por meio de intervenções que investigam sintomas e marcadores de ansiedade e/ou depressão. A revisão foi baseada no método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis) e a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs e PsycInfo, até janeiro de 2021. Como palavras-chave e descritores, utilizou-se “physical exercise” [or] “physical activity” [and] depression [or] anxiety [and] students [or] “university students”. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais do tipo ensaios clínicos randomizados, não randomizados e estudos com análises pré e pós-teste, do ano de 2010 até 2020. O Capítulo 2 se fundamentou por um estudo transversal piloto, o qual possui o objetivo de investigar a condição física e indicadores de humor, ansiedade e depressão de jovens estudantes universitárias, por meio de um programa de exercício físico presencial, com duração de oito semanas. Por fim, o Capítulo 3 é um ensaio clínico randomizado que busca compreender os efeitos de seis semanas de um programa de exercício físico online nos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e no humor de mulheres universitárias. Além disso, esse capítulo também avalia qualitativamente, a aplicabilidade do programa ofertado, e quão eficiente será em virtude da demanda física, psicológica e social, ocasionadas pela pandemia do COVID-19. Acredita-se como hipótese de pesquisa, que o exercício físico pode ser um elemento positivo e auxiliar na diminuição desses sintomas.
University students are exposed to several stressful situations throughout their academic trajectory, and therefore, they are considered a high-risk population for the prevalence and diagnoses of psychopathologies, such as anxiety and depression. Thus, the general objective of this work was to contribute to expanding the knowledge of this topic in the scientific community, as well as to draw attention to the general health of university students, and to raise proposals for change, consisting of the execution of three researches divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 aims to carry out a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to identify the effects of exercise or physical activity in university students, through interventions that investigate symptoms and markers of anxiety and/or depression. The review was based on the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis) and the search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs and PsycInfo databases, until January 2021. As keywords and descriptors, “physical exercise” [or] “physical activity” [and] depression [or] anxiety [and] students [or] “university students” was used. Experimental studies such as randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and studies with pre- and post-test analyzes were included, from 2010 to 2020. Chapter 2 was based on a pilot cross-sectional study, which aims to investigate the physical condition and indicators of mood, anxiety and depression of young university students, through an eight-week physical exercise program. Finally, Chapter 3 is a randomized clinical trial that seeks to understand the effects of a six-week online exercise program on symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and mood in female college students. In addition, this chapter also qualitatively evaluates the applicability of the program offered, and how efficient it will be due to the physical, psychological and social demands caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is believed as a research hypothesis that physical exercise can be a positive element and help to reduce these symptoms.
University students are exposed to several stressful situations throughout their academic trajectory, and therefore, they are considered a high-risk population for the prevalence and diagnoses of psychopathologies, such as anxiety and depression. Thus, the general objective of this work was to contribute to expanding the knowledge of this topic in the scientific community, as well as to draw attention to the general health of university students, and to raise proposals for change, consisting of the execution of three researches divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 aims to carry out a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to identify the effects of exercise or physical activity in university students, through interventions that investigate symptoms and markers of anxiety and/or depression. The review was based on the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Review and Meta-Analysis) and the search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs and PsycInfo databases, until January 2021. As keywords and descriptors, “physical exercise” [or] “physical activity” [and] depression [or] anxiety [and] students [or] “university students” was used. Experimental studies such as randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and studies with pre- and post-test analyzes were included, from 2010 to 2020. Chapter 2 was based on a pilot cross-sectional study, which aims to investigate the physical condition and indicators of mood, anxiety and depression of young university students, through an eight-week physical exercise program. Finally, Chapter 3 is a randomized clinical trial that seeks to understand the effects of a six-week online exercise program on symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and mood in female college students. In addition, this chapter also qualitatively evaluates the applicability of the program offered, and how efficient it will be due to the physical, psychological and social demands caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is believed as a research hypothesis that physical exercise can be a positive element and help to reduce these symptoms.
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Exercício físico, Atividade física, Depressão, Ansiedade, Estudantes Universitários, Physical exercise, Physical activity, Depression, Anxiety, University students