Acesso e permanência da população negra no ensino superior público: enfrentamentos necessários na Unesp de Rio Claro
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Data
2022-03-02
Autores
Cortez, Carla Magalhães
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta dissertação de mestrado, discutiremos políticas públicas de ações afirmativas associadas ao ingresso da população negra no ensino superior público brasileiro. Os objetivos deste trabalho são discutir o conceito das ações afirmativas no contexto da discriminação racial e identificar como essas se apresentam na sociedade brasileira; averiguar a ocupação de reserva de vagas em relação à escolha de cursos e períodos na UNESP – Câmpus de Rio Claro, no período 2014 a 2018; apurar a condição de permanência e conclusão de alunos negros (cotistas) no ensino superior público na UNESP – Câmpus de Rio Claro no período 2014 a 2018; compreender a vivência e perspectiva do aluno admitido pela reserva de vagas de cunho racial na UNESP Câmpus de Rio Claro no período 2014 a 2018 – e analisar os resultados obtidos refletindo sobre o aprendizado adquirido com a pesquisa. Após um longo período rejeitando a extrema desigualdade social entre brancos e negros, “a reprodução da desigualdade, pautada em grande medida pela existência da discriminação racial, constitui um dos grandes desafios a serem enfrentados pelas políticas públicas”, afirmam Jaccoud e Theodoro (2007, p.106).Por meio da pressão dos movimentos negros e, também, pela necessidade do governo em promover ações que tivessem a intenção de diminuir o contraste da condição social entre negros e brancos no país, a adoção de políticas públicas, que favoreça esse desfecho, é imprescindível. É preciso reivindicar a implementação de ações afirmativas e ações valorativas que descaracterizem o estereótipo dos negros marginalizados e oportunize condições concretas de igualdade. Mas como se dá a colhida desse grupo que ingressa pela reserva de vagas de cunho racial nas universidades públicas; as políticas de permanência efetivada pelos Programas de Permanência Estudantil dessas Universidades atendem à demanda; a universidade está pronta para a diversidade (social, cultural e racial)? Realizamos uma investigação com estudantes que acessaram à Universidade Estadual Paulista – Câmpus de Rio Claro – pelo Sistema de Reserva de Vagas para Educação Básica Pública mais autodeclarados pretos ou pardos, através da aplicação de um questionário e realizando entrevistas (individuais) semiestruturadas. A relevância desta pesquisa se apoia na oportunidade de compreender a condição dos negros na sociedade brasileira, analisando sua (não) presença em um microcosmo social, a universidade. Analisamos políticas públicas no âmbito da política educacional que, através de ações afirmativas, pretendem equalizar as oportunidades entre negros e brancos, assumindo que as políticas universalistas não foram e não são suficientes para minimizar o abismo da desigualdade social entre negros e brancos.
In this final paper, we will discuss public policies of affirmative actions associated with the entry of black population into Brazilian public higher education. The aims of this study are to discuss the concept of affirmative actions in the context of racial discrimination and to identify how they present themselves in Brazilian society; to investigate the occupation of reserve vacancies in relation to the courses’ choice and periods at UNESP - Campus of Rio Claro, from 2014 to 2018; to determine the condition of staying and completion of black students (students’quota) in public higher education at UNESP - Campus of Rio Claro from 2014 to 2018; understanding the experience and perspective of the accepted student by the racial vacancies reservation at UNESP Câmpus Rio Claro from 2014 to 2018 – and analyze the results obtained reflecting on the learning acquired with the research. After a long period of rejecting the extreme social inequality between blacks and whites, "the inequality reproduction , largely guided by the existence of racial discrimination, is one of the greatest challenges to be faced by public policies," Jaccoud and Theodoro (2007, p.106). Through the pressure of black movements and also by the government's need to promote actions that were intended to reduce the contrast of the social condition in the country between blacks and whites, the adoption of public social policies, which promotes this outcome, is vital. It is necessary to claim the implementation of the affirmative actions and evaluating actions that featureless the stereotype of marginalized blacks and opportunistize precise conditions of equality. But how is being hosted by this group that enters through the the racial quota in public universities; the permanence policies carried out by the Student Permanence Programs from these Universities meet the demand; is the university ready for diversity (social, cultural and racial)? We conducted an investigation with students who have accessed the State University of São Paulo – Campus of Rio Claro – by the Reservation System of Vacancies for Public Basic Education more self-declared black or brown, through the application of a questionnaire and conducting semi-structured (individual) interviews. The relevance of this research is based on the opportunity to figure out the condition of blacks into Brazilian society, analyzing their (non) presence in a social microcosm, the university. We analyzed public policies within educational policy that, through affirmative actions, aim to equalize opportunities between blacks and whites, taking over that universalist policies were not and are not still enough to minimize the gap of social inequality between blacks and whites.
In this final paper, we will discuss public policies of affirmative actions associated with the entry of black population into Brazilian public higher education. The aims of this study are to discuss the concept of affirmative actions in the context of racial discrimination and to identify how they present themselves in Brazilian society; to investigate the occupation of reserve vacancies in relation to the courses’ choice and periods at UNESP - Campus of Rio Claro, from 2014 to 2018; to determine the condition of staying and completion of black students (students’quota) in public higher education at UNESP - Campus of Rio Claro from 2014 to 2018; understanding the experience and perspective of the accepted student by the racial vacancies reservation at UNESP Câmpus Rio Claro from 2014 to 2018 – and analyze the results obtained reflecting on the learning acquired with the research. After a long period of rejecting the extreme social inequality between blacks and whites, "the inequality reproduction , largely guided by the existence of racial discrimination, is one of the greatest challenges to be faced by public policies," Jaccoud and Theodoro (2007, p.106). Through the pressure of black movements and also by the government's need to promote actions that were intended to reduce the contrast of the social condition in the country between blacks and whites, the adoption of public social policies, which promotes this outcome, is vital. It is necessary to claim the implementation of the affirmative actions and evaluating actions that featureless the stereotype of marginalized blacks and opportunistize precise conditions of equality. But how is being hosted by this group that enters through the the racial quota in public universities; the permanence policies carried out by the Student Permanence Programs from these Universities meet the demand; is the university ready for diversity (social, cultural and racial)? We conducted an investigation with students who have accessed the State University of São Paulo – Campus of Rio Claro – by the Reservation System of Vacancies for Public Basic Education more self-declared black or brown, through the application of a questionnaire and conducting semi-structured (individual) interviews. The relevance of this research is based on the opportunity to figure out the condition of blacks into Brazilian society, analyzing their (non) presence in a social microcosm, the university. We analyzed public policies within educational policy that, through affirmative actions, aim to equalize opportunities between blacks and whites, taking over that universalist policies were not and are not still enough to minimize the gap of social inequality between blacks and whites.
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Palavras-chave
Ações afirmativas, Ensino superior público, Cotas raciais, Unesp - Câmpus Rio Claro, Affirmative actions, Public higher education, Racial quotas